{"id":1173,"date":"2019-02-18T12:27:56","date_gmt":"2019-02-18T12:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/firatn.com\/?p=1173"},"modified":"2019-02-18T17:43:29","modified_gmt":"2019-02-18T17:43:29","slug":"di-aloziyen-buhara-ereban-de-tekiliyen-tirk-u-ereban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firatn.com\/kur\/?p=1173","title":{"rendered":"DI ALOZIY\u00caN “BUHARA EREBAN” DE T\u00caK\u00ceLIY\u00caN TIRK \u00db EREBAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

ENGLISH<\/span> ,<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0 ARABIC<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Werger:<\/strong> N\u00fbrhat Heftaro<\/p>\n

Ji bo bibe “\u015e\u00ear\u00ea Sunniyan” p\u00ead\u00eeviya Serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea ku di heman dem\u00ea de serok\u00ea AKP’\u00ea y\u00ea xwediy\u00ea meyleke d\u00een\u00ee ye, bi pi\u015ftgiriyeke Ereb\u00ee ya ferm\u00ee \u00fb geler\u00ee heb\u00fb. L\u00ea xuya b\u00fb ku ten\u00ea kar\u00eeb\u00fb bigihanda asta “\u015e\u00ear\u00ea \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00eenan”. Ji ber ku Xewn\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean Osman\u00ee rast\u00ee gelek astengiyan hat ku \u00ead\u00ee nema t\u00ean derbaskirin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee gelek n\u00ear\u00eenan, Tirkiy\u00ea bi serokatiya Erdogan ve ji sala 2011’an dev ji hewildan\u00ean bikaran\u00eena xebat\u00ean kom\u00ean \u00ceslama siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ji bo berfirehkirina serweriya xwe li c\u00eehana ereb\u00ee bernedaye. Ev yek pi\u015ft\u00ee h\u00eaviya tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna nava Yek\u00eetiya Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea winda kir, dest p\u00ea kir. V\u00ea hi\u015ft ku Welat\u00ean Ereb \u00ean ku ji ber c\u00eerantiya cograf\u00eek a her\u00eam\u00ee, berjewendiy\u00ean ekonom\u00eek \u00fb madd\u00ee, her wiha gir\u00eadana d\u00eerok\u00ee ya ku xwe di rastiya d\u00een\u00ee ya hevbe\u015f a navbera Ereb \u00fb Tirkan dida der, dest bi t\u00eak\u00eeliyeke stratej\u00eek bi Tirkiy\u00ea re kirib\u00fbn, baweriya xwe p\u00ea winda bikin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ev t\u00eak\u00eel\u00ee ji ber gir\u00eadana k\u00fbr a navbera Hikumeta AKP’\u00ea \u00fb koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00eenan, di qelsb\u00fbneke stratej\u00eek \u00fb d\u00eeplamat\u00eek re derbas dibe. Beramber\u00ee marj\u00eenalkirina e\u015fkere ya rola dewlet\u00ean Ereb\u00ee di pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean hey\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea de, bermahiy\u00ean mezheba sunn\u00ee y\u00ean rad\u00eekal \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean teror\u00ea li dewr\u00fbbera AKP’\u00ea kom b\u00fbn. T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean xurt \u00ean bi Tevgera Hemas, koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een, r\u00eaxistina El-Qa\u00eeda \u00fb dawiy\u00ea j\u00ee bi r\u00eaxistina dewleta \u00ceslam\u00ee (DAI\u015e) re dan\u00ee. Ev t\u00eakil\u00ee li ser hesab\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya li hember\u00ee dewlet\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean xwed\u00ee serwer\u00ee \u00fb statuy\u00ean r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee p\u00eak hat. Nexasim m\u00eehwera dewlet\u00ean Kendav\u00ea – Misr\u00ea beramber\u00ee m\u00eehwera \u00cexwan a Ereb\u00ee – Tirk\u00ee ava b\u00fb. Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee, vedigere encam\u00ean rola Tirkiy\u00ea ya di aloziy\u00ean ku li dewlet\u00ean Ereb\u00ee \u00fb welat\u00ean Rojhilata Naverast de qewim\u00ee ye. Aloziya ku t\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin, w\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean b\u00ea \u00fb pa\u015feroj\u00ea de j\u00ea ne d\u00fbr be. Niha j\u00ee em \u00ea encam\u00ean t\u00eakil\u00eey\u00ean navbera Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb wan dewletan \u00ean ji destp\u00eaka van aloziyan de p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f bikin \u00fb li asoy\u00ean van t\u00eakiliyan serwext bibin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yekem\u00een; T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Misr:<\/b><\/p>\n

Peyman\u00ean \u00eemzekir\u00ee y\u00ean navbera Misr \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean navbera sal\u00ean (2007 -2011) gihandin 14 peyman\u00ean bazirganiy\u00ea.<\/span>1<\/b> L\u00ea bel\u00ea ev t\u00eakil\u00ee, veneguher\u00ee hevkariyeke siyas\u00ee. Ji ber ku berfirehiya rola Tirkiy\u00ea li Rojhilata Naverast, \u00ead\u00ee tirsa Misr\u00ea y\u00ea ku gelek dosya di dest\u00ea xwe de girtib\u00fbn, z\u00eade dikir. Her wiha kok\u00ean AKP’\u00ea y\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee ew qas\u00ee bi k\u00ear\u00ee rej\u00eema Husn\u00ee Mubarek nedihat ku di p\u00eavajoya sal\u00ean 90’\u00ee de li kom\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee da \u00fb xebat\u00ean wan li Misr\u00ea qels kirib\u00fb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Doza her\u00ee xeter ku navbera Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb Misr\u00ea de aloziyeke rast\u00een peyda kir, doza Fil\u00eest\u00een\u00ea b\u00fb. Ev doz pi\u015ft\u00ee serkeftina Hemas\u00ea di hilbijartin\u00ean 2006’an de \u00fb sala 2007’an serweriya w\u00ea ya li ser Xezzay\u00ea y\u00ea di s\u00eenor\u00ean Misr\u00ea de, ku v\u00ea hi\u015ft bajar t\u00eakeve dorp\u00ea\u00e7eke giran a Misr\u00ee \u00fb Isra\u00eel\u00ee \u00fb b\u00fb sedema par\u00e7eb\u00fbna Filist\u00eeniyan a navbera desthilatdariya Fil\u00eest\u00een\u00ee ya bin serweriya Fetih \u00fb Hemas\u00ea, di gelek p\u00ea\u015fketinan re derbas b\u00fb. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean bi Tevgera Hemas\u00ea re ku heta 2011’an \u015eam kirib\u00fb navenda xwe, navg\u00eeniya w\u00ea ya doza lihevhatina Fil\u00eest\u00een\u00ee ya navbera desthilatdariya Filist\u00een\u00ea \u00fb “Hemas\u00ea” an j\u00ee ji bo akt\u00eevkirina rola xwe di Rojhilata Naverast de k\u00eamkirina rikberiya navbera herdu aliyan ku ten\u00ea erka Misr \u00fb Komkara Ereb\u00ee b\u00fb, pi\u015ftgir\u00ee \u00fb hestiyariyeke gel\u00ear\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee \u00fb \u00eeslam\u00ee bi xwe re tan\u00ee. Serkeftina Tirkiy\u00ea di l\u00eest\u00eena v\u00ee rol\u00ee de, nexasim pi\u015ft\u00ee pev\u00e7\u00fbna navbera Erdogan \u00fb Shimon Peres a ku di kongreya Devos’\u00ea ya sala 2009’an de<\/span>2<\/b> r\u00fbda \u00fb \u015fandina gemiya Mavi Marmara 2010’an ku weke hewildana \u015fikandina ambargoya li ser Xezzay\u00ea b\u00fb, ji bo rej\u00eem\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean mezinb\u00fbna Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea ku pi\u015ftgiriya Tevgera Hemas\u00ea ew dian\u00een gel hev, dihat wateya tengavb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee. Di wextek\u00ea de ku rej\u00eema ferm\u00ee ya ereb\u00ee al\u00eegiriya desthilatdariya Filist\u00een\u00ea dikir. V\u00ea yek\u00ea r\u00ea li ber gelek nakokiy\u00ean ku bi d\u00eeplomasiy\u00ea \u00e7areser nedib\u00fbn, vekir. Bi destp\u00eaka aloziya “Buhara Ereban” re, \u00ead\u00ee wisa l\u00ea hat ku qul mezin dib\u00fb \u00fb p\u00eene j\u00ee bi\u00e7\u00fbk b\u00fb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kan\u00fbna 2011’an bi destp\u00eakirina Xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean Misr\u00ea ku Tirkiy\u00ea ji roj\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea ve pi\u015ftgir\u00ee day\u00ea, di t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Misr \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de gelek guhertin \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn. Erdogan bang li Husn\u00ee Mubarek kir \u00fb j\u00ea xwest ku li daxwaz\u00ean gel\u00ea xwe guhdar\u00ee bike.<\/span>3<\/b> Enqerey\u00ea di serdana serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea Abdullah G\u00fcl weke yekem\u00een serok, pi\u015ft\u00ee mehek\u00ea ji daketina Husn\u00ee Mubarek a ji desthilatdariy\u00ea, serdana Misr\u00ea dike, li ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea teqez kir. Pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea ber\u00ee dawiya sal\u00ea di nava p\u00ea\u015fwaziya germ a al\u00eegir\u00ean \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een de, serdana navdar a Erdogan \u00fb 208 bazirgan\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea p\u00eak hat. Di encama w\u00ea serdan\u00ea de 20 peyman\u00ean bazirganiy\u00ea hatin mohrkirin.<\/span>4<\/b> Xuyab\u00fb ku v\u00ea serdan\u00ea k\u00eafxwe\u015fiya xeta \u00cexwanan an\u00ee ku dixwest deshilatdariy\u00ea bi dest bixe. Di encama hilbijartinan de namzet\u00ea wan Muhemed Murs\u00ee bi ser ket \u00fb herdu aliyan h\u00eaviy\u00ean xwe di ya d\u00eetir de bi cih an\u00ee. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hatina Murs\u00ee ya desthilatdariy\u00ea r\u00ea li ber Tirkiy\u00ea vekir ku nex\u015feyeke n\u00fb li Rojhilata Naverast \u00e7\u00eabike. Enqere w\u00ea bi Misr\u00ea re giraniyeke her\u00eam\u00ee ava bikira ku n\u00eaz\u00ee sedsaleke weke w\u00ea \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fbye. Ten\u00ea du meh di ser desthilatdariya w\u00ee re derbas bib\u00fb, Murs\u00ee \u00celona 2012’an ji bo amadeb\u00fbna kongreya \u00e7aran a AKP’\u00ea hatib\u00fb vexwendin.<\/span>5<\/b> Li wir ji aliy\u00ea al\u00eegir\u00ean v\u00ea partiya Tirk\u00ee ve bi awayek\u00ee germ hat p\u00ea\u015fwaz\u00eekirin. Her wiha w\u00ea \u00e7ax\u00ea, helwesta Tirk \u2013 Misr a li hember\u00ee \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea y\u00ean kan\u00fbna 2012’an \u00ean li ser Xezzay\u00ea, t\u00fbjtir b\u00fb. Lewma \u00cesra\u00eel ji n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna herdu aliyan bi fikar b\u00fb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ji ni\u015fk\u00ea ve xewn\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea, ji ber darbeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya ku Wez\u00eer\u00ea Parastin\u00ea y\u00ea w\u00ea dem\u00ea Abdullfetah S\u00ees\u00ee di 3’\u00ea Tem\u00fbza 2013’an de p\u00eak an\u00ee, badilhewa \u00e7\u00fbn.<\/span>6<\/b> Her kes dizane ku ev darbe ji aliy\u00ea bask\u00ea dijber\u00ee Erdogan li Rojhilata Naverast, ji \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea bigire heta \u00cemarat \u00fb Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan ve hat kirin. Her wiha \u00ceran j\u00ee ji helwesta Murs\u00ee ji aloziya S\u00fbr\u00ee ne raz\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb weke hevkarek\u00ee ba\u015f nedid\u00eet. <\/span><\/p>\n

Helwesta Enqerey\u00ean li hember\u00ee darbeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya li Misr\u00ea t\u00fbj \u00fb hi\u015fk b\u00fb. Enqrey\u00ea ji opozisyona Misr\u00ee ya xwe av\u00eat hemb\u00eaza w\u00ea, am\u00fbr\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea y\u00ean \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee darbeya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb siyaseta w\u00ea dikin, peyda kir. Gelek konferans \u00fb \u00e7alakiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee ji wan re li dar xist. L\u00ea bel\u00ea ji ber lawaziya opozisyon\u00ea \u00fb qelsb\u00fbna w\u00ea di hevrikiya bi rej\u00eema Misr\u00ea re, helwesta Tirkiy\u00ea ya hi\u015fk a vegera Murs\u00ee ya desthilatdariy\u00ea nerm kir \u00fb gihand w\u00ea ast\u00ea ku ji daxwaza guhertina desthilatdariy\u00ea ber bi rakirina hukm\u00ea darvekirin\u00ea ve gav pa\u015fve bav\u00eaje. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Misr\u00ea dawiya sala 2013’an koma \u00cexwan Muslim\u00een weke r\u00eaxistineke teror\u00eest ragihand.<\/span>7<\/b> Rej\u00eema Misr\u00ea ya n\u00fb dest bi hemley\u00ean siyas\u00ee, medyay\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eeplomat\u00eek \u00ean dijwar li dij\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea kir. Heta be\u015feke mezin ji derfet \u00fb \u00eemkan\u00ean Misr\u00ea di re\u015fkirin \u00fb astengkirina siyaseta Tirkiy\u00ea hatin bikaran\u00een. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de saziy\u00ean Misr\u00ee, ji bo \u015fikandina otor\u00eeteya Tirkiy\u00ea, bi \u00cesra\u00eel \u00fb \u00cemarat\u00ea re ket nava tevger\u00ea. Misr\u00ea bi Qubrus \u00fb Yewnan\u00ea re li ser diyarkirina s\u00eenor\u00ean deryay\u00ee peyman dan\u00een ku bi v\u00ee away\u00ee gelek \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean petrol\u00ea li Rojhilata Naverast ji dest Tirkiy\u00ea di\u00e7in. Ev xebat bi foruma “Gaza Rojhilata Naverast” a kan\u00fbna 2019’an li Qah\u00eerey\u00ea hat lidarxistin, temam b\u00fb. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mesafeya navbera Misr \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea h\u00eena d\u00fbr\u00ee hev e. T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean herdu aliyan di r\u00eay\u00ean diber \u00fb berovaj\u00ee hev de ne. Ti h\u00eaviy\u00ean n\u00eazb\u00fbn\u00ea tine ne. P\u00eaw\u00eestiya n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya hikumeta AKP’\u00ea ya \u00cexwanpar\u00eaz bi r\u00eayeke dijber\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya modela sekuler heye ku xuyaye di pa\u015feroja n\u00eaz de bi \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00ean li Misr\u00ea re li hev nake.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duyem\u00een \u2013 T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkan \u00ean bi dewlet\u00ean Ereb \u00ean bakur\u00ea Efr\u00eekay\u00ea re:<\/b><\/p>\n

Hikumeta AKP’\u00ea kar\u00eeb\u00fb di deriy\u00ea Tunis\u00ea re derbas\u00ee nava welat\u00ean Ereb \u00ean bakur\u00ea Efr\u00eekay\u00ea bib\u00fbya. Nexasim bi r\u00eaya Tevgera Vej\u00een\u00ea ya \u00ceslam\u00ee ya xwediy\u00ea meyleke \u00cexwan\u00ee ku weke “n\u00fbner\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea li wel\u00eat” t\u00ea binavkirin. Jixwe kar\u00eeb\u00fb di nava tirsa aliy\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb gel\u00ear\u00ee y\u00ean cuda ji xurtb\u00fbna Tirkiy\u00ea li nava wel\u00eat \u00fb veguher\u00eena Tunis\u00ea ya baregeheke pa\u015f ji bo Tirkiy\u00ea, t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean stratej\u00eek, ekonom\u00eek \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean xurt \u00ean bi v\u00ee welat\u00ee re biparasta. Gelek deng\u00ean ku hi\u015fyar\u00ee dan metirsiya z\u00eadeb\u00fbna heb\u00fbna Tirkiy\u00ea ya ji dema serdana Erdogan a 27’\u00ea Kan\u00fbna 2017’an ji bo Tunis\u00ea ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya gereke li Efr\u00eekay\u00ea de hat li gel Tunis\u00ea, \u00e7\u00fb Sudan \u00fb Ti\u015fad\u00ea j\u00ee, bilind b\u00fbn. Ji van serdanan h\u00eaviy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee li tevah\u00ee her\u00eam\u00ea xuya b\u00fbn. Parlamentera Tunis\u00ee Mubareke Brahm\u00ee hi\u015fyar\u00ee da \u00fb got: Gelek n\u00ee\u015fane diyar dikin ku desthilatdariya Tunis\u00ea tecr\u00fbbe negirtiye \u00fb naxwaze ji tecr\u00fbbeya dewlet\u00ean din f\u00ear bibe ku ji ber pi\u015ftgiriya Tirkiy\u00ea ya koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb tevah\u00ee r\u00eaxistin\u00ean \u00ceslama siyas\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00eave gir\u00eaday\u00ee, azar ki\u015fandin ku ewleh\u00ee \u00fb aramiya van dewletan dixist xeteriy\u00ea. Brahm\u00ee wiha domand: Mudaxeley\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean li Tunis\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015f \u00e7av\u00ean hem\u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean cuda p\u00eak dihatin. Ne ji destwerdan \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriya daray\u00ee ya Qeter\u00ea \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea b\u00fbya, w\u00ea rew\u015fa siyas\u00ee ya niha ku hevseng\u00ee dikevin xizmeta berjewendiy\u00ean Tevgera Vej\u00een\u00ea ya \u00ceslam\u00ee ya gir\u00eaday\u00ee koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een, ava neb\u00fbya.<\/span>8<\/b><\/p>\n

Verkirina Tirkiy\u00ea ya baregeheke perwerdeya le\u015fker\u00ee li Somal\u00ea, avakirina bendergeheke \u00e7\u00eakirina gemiy\u00ean \u015fer li Sudan\u00ea, r\u00eaday\u00eena Qeter\u00ea ya belavkirina komeke n\u00fb ya le\u015fker\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea li Qeter\u00ea ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya peymana parastina hevbe\u015f a navbera herdu welatan de hat, t\u00ea wateya ku plan\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean berfirehkirina serweriya xwe, Tunis\u00ea derbas dike \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea hem\u00fb digire nava xwe. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ev yek bi awayek\u00ee e\u015fkere di t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean bi L\u00eebyay\u00ea re derdikeve hol\u00ea. Enqere bi cesaretek b\u00eadaw\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eay\u00ee ku civaka navdewlet\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea red bike, ji destp\u00eaka aloziya w\u00ea ya dikeve sala xwe ya 9’an, destwerdana L\u00eebyay\u00ea ya ku ji s\u00eenor\u00ean w\u00ea d\u00fbr e dike. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Serenav\u00ea sereke ya siyaseta Tirkiy\u00ea ya beramber\u00ee aloziya L\u00eebyay\u00ea, nakok\u00ee \u00fb dijber\u00ee b\u00fb. Ji destp\u00eaka xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean 15’\u00ea Sibata 2011’an \u00ean dijber\u00ee desthilatdariya Muammar Gaddafi, Enqere li dij\u00ee destwerdan\u00ean derve y\u00ean li L\u00eebayay\u00ea derket, ferzkirina cezayan red kir \u00fb plan\u00ean destwerdana le\u015fker\u00ee ya bi serk\u00ea\u015fiya Fransay\u00ea \u00fb pi\u015ftre NATO’y\u00ea qeb\u00fbl nekir. Wisa l\u00ea hat ku Tirkiy\u00ea hemwext\u00ee vekir\u00ee-hi\u015ftina deriy\u00ean d\u00eeplomat\u00eek \u00ean bi aliy\u00ean \u015fer re da ku bikaribe rola navg\u00eeniy\u00ea bil\u00eeze, n\u00eaz\u00ee bidestxistina rolek\u00ea di xebat\u00ean al\u00eekariya mirov’\u00ee de ye. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kan\u00fbna 2011’an bi ketina rej\u00eema Gaddafi, Enqerey\u00ea dest bi pi\u015ftgiriyeke piral\u00ee ji r\u00eaxistin\u00ean teror\u00eest re kir. R\u00eaxistin\u00ean weke “Partiya Edalet \u00fb Avakirin\u00ea” bask\u00ea siyas\u00ee y\u00ea r\u00eaxistina \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een, Mil\u00ees\u00ean bajar\u00ea Misratay\u00ea y\u00ea rojavay\u00ea L\u00eebyay\u00ea, her wiha Enqerey\u00ea li dij\u00ee “Operasyona R\u00fbmet\u00ea” ya ku art\u00ea\u015fa L\u00eebayay\u00ea Gulana 2014’an bi fermandariya “Xel\u00eefe Hefter” ragihandib\u00fb, pi\u015ftgir\u00ee da koal\u00eesyona “Berbanga L\u00eebyay\u00ea”. V\u00ea kir ku t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean bi L\u00eebya rojhilat re xira bibe. Fermandar\u00ea Art\u00ea\u015fa L\u00eebyay\u00ea y\u00ea Rojhilat “Xel\u00eefe Hefter”, Tirkiy\u00ea bi pi\u015ftgiriya “Teror\u00ea” li L\u00eebyay\u00ea tewanbar kir. Her wiha hikumeta rojhilat\u00ea L\u00eebyay\u00ea li hember\u00ee siyaset\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean pi\u015ftgiriya koal\u00eesyona “Berbanga L\u00eebyay\u00ea” biryar da ku t\u00eak\u00eel\u00ee bi hem\u00fb \u015f\u00eerket\u00ean Tirk\u00ee y\u00ean li L\u00eebyay\u00ea werin qutkirin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea \u015fandina gemiy\u00ean \u00e7ek-hilgir ji mil\u00ees\u00ean akt\u00eev \u00ean li L\u00eebyay\u00ea re, ku gelek ji wan li p\u00ea\u015fber\u00ee raya gi\u015ft\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee c\u00eehan\u00ea hatin girtin, ranewestand. \u015eandeya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ten\u00ea bi av\u00eatina \u00e7end tw\u00eettan\u00ean ku t\u00eade dib\u00eaje “P\u00eadiviya L\u00eebyay\u00ea ne bi \u00e7ekan, bi a\u015ftiy\u00ea heye”<\/span>9<\/b> s\u00eenordar ma. \u00cad\u00ee t\u00ealiy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean di aloziya L\u00eebyay\u00ea de weke ber\u00ea ve\u015fart\u00ee tevnediger\u00een, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi mebest ev rol dihat pa\u015fguhkirin. Rew\u015fa hey\u00ee li benda \u00e7areseriy\u00ea ye l\u00ea xuyaye d\u00fbr e. Ji ber ku h\u00eena Tirkiy\u00ea heb\u00fbna h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee li L\u00eebyay\u00ea xurt dike \u00fb hewil dide bike h\u00eamaneke sereke di civaka siyas\u00ee ya L\u00eebyay\u00ea de. <\/span><\/p>\n

Armanca Tirkiy\u00ea ew e, serweriya xwe li bakur\u00ea Efr\u00eekay\u00ea ji Fas\u00ee bigire heta Misr\u00ea \u00fb Sudan\u00ea z\u00eade \u00fb berfireh bike. Da ku her\u00eam\u00ea ne\u00e7ar\u00ee qeb\u00fblkirina v\u00ea serntez\u00ea bike ku hatiye tesp\u00eetkirin ku yek ji h\u00eaman\u00ean nexwe\u015fiy\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea ye. \u00db bi v\u00ee away\u00ee \u00e7i dibe bila bibe, bikaribe bi r\u00eaya hevkar\u00ean xwe y\u00ean \u00cexwan, serweriyeke di\u015fibe modela Osmaniyan bi dest bixe. Her wiha sedem\u00ean madd\u00ee y\u00ean din ku Tirkiy\u00ea ber bi v\u00ee al\u00ee ve de’f dide, parastina \u00eest\u00eesmarat\u00ean we y\u00ean li wir, misogeriya bidestxistina pareke ba\u015f ji \u015f\u00eerket\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ea w\u00ea, qedexekirina derketina pere \u00fb mal\u00ean L\u00eebyay\u00ea ji Tirkiy\u00ea ku n\u00eaz\u00ee 21 milyar dollar\u00ean ji dema desthilatdariya Muammar Gaddafi<\/span>10<\/b> ve maye \u00fb perey\u00ean kom\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean cuda ku Tirkiy\u00ea ji xwe re veguherandine bankek\u00ea. <\/span><\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee gelek rapor\u00ean rojnamevaniy\u00ea, mezintir\u00een komb\u00fbn\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee li c\u00eehan\u00ea \u00fb di ser\u00ee de kom\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean li L\u00eebyay\u00ea li ser xaka Tirkiy\u00ea ne. Tirkiy\u00ea gelek xizmet\u00ean loj\u00eest\u00eek ji wan re p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kiriye. Rasterast xet\u00ean heway\u00ee y\u00ean balafiran navbera Enqere, Misrata \u00fb balafirgeha w\u00ea Mitigay\u00ea vekir ku ew her\u00eam di bin serweriya serok\u00ea koma \u00e7ekdar a li wir, Abullhek\u00eem Belhaj de b\u00fb<\/span>11<\/b>. Malpera Wikileaks T\u00eermeha 2016’an aliyek\u00ee gir\u00eeng a rola Tirkiy\u00ea e\u015fkere kir. Mijar j\u00ee veguhestina perey\u00ean Belhaj bi r\u00eaya nameyek\u00ea ku ji Gmaila w\u00ee sala 2013’an hatiye \u015fandin, t\u00eade ji bankeke Tirk\u00ee ya gir\u00eaday\u00ee partiya desthilatdar AKP’\u00ea beramber\u00ee destheqeke 25 ji sed\u00ee ji pereyan ku bi qas\u00ee 15 milyon dollar dike, dixwaza al\u00eekariy\u00ea di qa\u00e7ak\u00e7iya pereyan de dike, da ku wan pereyan bipar\u00eaze \u00fb bi kar b\u00eene.<\/span>12<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cero Tirkiy\u00ea di xet\u00ean parelel de li qada L\u00eebyay\u00ea tevdigere. Pi\u015ftgiriyeke berbi\u00e7av dide kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar \u00fb endam\u00ean p\u00eave gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u00fb fermandar\u00ean hevkariy\u00ea qeb\u00fbl dikin tev\u00ee ku ne xwediy\u00ea helwesteke \u00eedeoloj\u00eek a zelal \u00fb al\u00eegir in, ber bi xwe ve dik\u015f\u00eene. Her wiha li ser asta siyas\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eeplomat\u00eek al\u00eekariy\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee serok\u00ea Meclisa R\u00eaveber \u00fb Serok\u00ea Hikumeta Wifaq Fay\u00eaz Serrac \u00fb xeta al\u00eegir\u00ea w\u00ee dike. Ji ber ku li dij\u00ee xeta \u00ceslampar\u00eaz \u00fb dewlet\u00ean pi\u015ftgiriya w\u00ea dikin, Tirkiy\u00ea dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean bi fermandar\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa L\u00eebyay\u00ee Xel\u00eefe Hefter re pa\u015fguh dike. Lewma bi r\u00eaya pi\u015ftgiriya b\u00ea-s\u00eenor a madd\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ji bo Serrac da ku asteng\u00ee \u00fb k\u00ea\u015feyan ji Hefter re derx\u00eene, hewil dide serweriya w\u00ee qels bike.<\/span>13<\/b> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fermandariya Gi\u015ft\u00ee ya H\u00eaz\u00ean \u00c7ekdar\u00ee y\u00ean L\u00eebyay\u00ea ji Konseya Ewlekariya Navdewlet\u00ee \u00fb Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee dixwaze ku Tirkiy\u00ea s\u00fbcdar bib\u00eene \u00fb t\u00eakildar\u00ee kiryar\u00ean w\u00ea l\u00eapirs\u00eenek\u00ea veke. Nexasim derbar\u00ea bar\u00ean \u00e7ekan \u00ean ku dawiya sala 2018\u2019an \u00fb destp\u00eaka 2019\u2019an hatin d\u00eetin ku biryara navdewlet\u00ee ya 1973 a sala 2011\u2019an a gir\u00eaday\u00ee qedexekirina ketina \u00e7ekan a L\u00eebyay\u00ea bin p\u00ea dike ye. Be\u015fek ji \u00e7alakger\u00ean civaka siv\u00eel, siyasetmedar, hiquqnas, rojnamevan \u00fb y\u00ean raya gi\u015ft\u00ee di\u015fop\u00eenin, dest bi derxistina daxuyaniy\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee destwerdan\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea kirin.<\/span>14<\/b> Ne d\u00fbr e ku ji bo darizandina Tirkiy\u00ea, ber bi civaka navdewlet\u00ee ve gav b\u00ean av\u00eatin ku ev \u00ea r\u00ea li ber vekirina gelek doz\u00ean din ji ar\u015f\u00eefa binp\u00eakirin\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean li cih\u00ean din j\u00ee veke.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji ber ku behsa rola Tirkiy\u00ea ya li her\u00eam\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean li Efr\u00eekay\u00ea t\u00ea kirin, ne \u015fa\u015f e ku mirov \u00ee\u015faret bi destwerdan\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean di tevgera Ciwan\u00ean Somal\u00ee de \u00fb away\u00ea t\u00eak\u00eeliya navbera herdu aliyan bike. Ji del\u00eel\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee t\u00eak\u00eeliya Tirkiy\u00ea bi r\u00eaxistina teror\u00eest re, agahiy\u00ean ji belgey\u00ean dadgeriy\u00ea derket ku Istixbarata Tirkiy\u00ea bi sed hezaran dollar bi r\u00eaya yek ji girtiy\u00ean ber\u00ea y\u00ea zindana Guantanamoy\u00ea y\u00ea bi nav\u00ea Ibrah\u00eem \u015e\u00een ku ji ber t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean bi El-Qa\u00eedey\u00ea re li Pakistan\u00ea hatiye girtin,<\/span>\u00a0<\/b> ji tevgera ciwan\u00ean Somal\u00ee re \u015fandiye. Hat zan\u00een ku ev kes bi Istixbarata Tirk\u00ee re dixebite \u00fb ji derbaskirin \u00fb derxistina teror\u00eestan ji S\u00fbriy\u00ea berpirsyar e.<\/span>15<\/b> Her wiha li gor\u00ee gelek rapor\u00ean din, Qeter \u2013hevkar\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ea yekem\u00een- r\u00eaxistin\u00ean teror\u00eest \u00ean Somal\u00ea f\u00eenanse dike ku ev yek dih\u00eale ev welat heta roja \u00eero trajediya teror\u00ea bij\u00ee.<\/span><\/p>\n

Her wiha hin agahiy\u00ean ve\u015fart\u00ee derbar\u00ea \u00e7ek-kirina Tirkiy\u00ea ya koma Boko Haram hatin belavkirin. Enqerey\u00ea ti helwest bi awayek\u00ee ferm\u00ee li ser van agahiyan neda. L\u00ea bel\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea mal \u00fb hesab\u00ean bankan \u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee tevger\u00ea hatin betalkirin. Ev j\u00ee bi xwe re gelek pirsan t\u00eakildar\u00ee k\u00fbrahiya t\u00eak\u00eeliya bi Boko Haram re ya dema derbasb\u00fby\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7awaniya bidestxistina ew qas mal \u00fb pereyan, t\u00eene. Biryara betalkirina hesab\u00ean mal\u00fbmilk\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee tevger\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee xistina w\u00ea ya di l\u00eesteya teror\u00ea de 10 Hez\u00eerana 2014\u2019an hat day\u00een<\/span>16<\/b>. L\u00ea bel\u00ea h\u00eena hin rapor\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea \u015fik \u00fb gumanan derbar\u00ea v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea bi xwe re t\u00eene.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eayem\u00een-T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u00fb Urdun: <\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Urdun ji bandora koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een ne d\u00fbr e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea derbas\u00ee r\u00eayeke cuda b\u00fb. Tev\u00ee rew\u015fa abor\u00ee li Urdun\u00ea, p\u00eadiviya Eman\u00ea ya bi v\u00ea kom\u00ea hi\u015ft ku xwe n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea bike \u00fb t\u00eak\u00eeliyan p\u00eare deyne. Ruxm\u00ee tirsa z\u00eade ya r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee ya Urdun\u00ea ji armanc\u00ean \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00eenan, mijara ketina Tirkiy\u00ea bi r\u00eaya r\u00eaxistina \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een a nava Urdun\u00ea ku tekane partiy\u00ea xwediy\u00ea bingeheke berfireh e li Qral\u00eetey\u00ea, bala mezintir\u00een berpirsyar\u00ean li Eman\u00ea dik\u015f\u00eene. Pi\u015ft\u00ee k\u00fbrb\u00fbna kr\u00eeza abor\u00ee li Qral\u00eetey\u00ea \u00fb p\u00ead\u00eeviya kontrolkirina civak\u00ea, ev kes ketin rew\u015feke tengav. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een sala 1946\u2019an li Urdun\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Abdullat\u00eef Eb\u00fb Q\u00fbre ve t\u00ea avakirin.<\/span>17<\/b> Rew\u015fa w\u00ea ya Qan\u00fbn\u00ee ku li gor\u00ee qan\u00fbneke dest\u00fbr\u00ee komeleyek e, ji aliy\u00ea Serokwez\u00eer ve hat nas\u00een. Sala 1992’an qan\u00fbna r\u00eaxistinkirina xebat\u00ean \u00e7\u00eakirina partiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee derket. \u00cexwanan j\u00ee hema partiya “Eniya Kar a \u00ceslam\u00ee” ava kir \u00fb \u00ead\u00ee b\u00fb bask\u00ea siyas\u00ee ya tevger\u00ea<\/span>18<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean aloziyeke siyas\u00ee ya navbera Urdun \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea hene. Gelek s\u00eenyal\u00ean v\u00ee meseley\u00ea hene, j\u00ea: Yekem\u00een; Siyaseta Tirkiy\u00ea ya berfirehkirina serweriya xwe li bakur\u00ea Efr\u00eekay\u00ea, Qo\u00e7a Efr\u00eekay\u00ea, Kendeva Ereb\u00ee \u00fb S\u00fbriy\u00ea. Duyem\u00een; Ger baregeha Incirlik’\u00ea a Tirk\u00ee were girtin, NATO w\u00ea Urdun\u00ea weke alternat\u00eefeke di cih de bib\u00eene. <\/span><\/p>\n

Li ti\u015ft\u00ean dawiy\u00ea, hewildana Erdogan a nerasterast a ketina tax\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean li bajar\u00ea Qudus\u00ea j\u00ee z\u00eade dibin. Aliy\u00ean peywend\u00eedar \u00ean Ereb\u00ee t\u00eakildar\u00ee heb\u00fbna Tirkiy\u00ea fikar\u00ean xwe an\u00een ziman ku r\u00ea ji Erdogan re vedibe ku li ser Qudus\u00ea serwer be \u00fb ev j\u00ee armanc\u00ean Enqerey\u00ea e\u015fkere dike. Rojnameya “Haaretz” a \u00cesral\u00ee diyar kir ku \u00cesra\u00eel v\u00ea diyardey\u00ea ji n\u00eaz ve di\u015fop\u00eene \u00fb li ser rakirina w\u00ea ji kok\u00ea ve dixebite. H\u00eaz\u00ean Ewlekariya y\u00ean \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ee t\u00ea derxistin ku Tirk bi r\u00eaya komeley\u00ean al\u00eekariya hemwelatiyan a li Qudusa Rojhilat ji bo cih\u00ea xwe li wir xurt bikin, hewil didin erdan bikirin. Ev j\u00ee li gel desthilatdariya Fil\u00eest\u00een\u00ea bi xwe fikaran \u00e7\u00eadike. Her wiha fikaran li gel Qral\u00eeteya Urdun\u00ee ya Ha\u015f\u00eem\u00ee j\u00ee \u00e7\u00eadike ku ditirise \u00e7alakiy\u00ean Tirkan qedir \u00fb berpirsyartiya w\u00ea ya ji cih\u00ean p\u00eeroz \u00ean Qudus\u00ea bix\u00eene \u00fb li dij\u00ee w\u00ea b\u00ea bikaran\u00een. \u00db ji serweriya Hemas \u00fb tevger\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean li dij\u00ee siyaseta Urdun\u00ea ya li her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb Qudusa Rojhilat in j\u00ee ditirse<\/span>19<\/b>. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7arem\u00een-T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u00fb dewlet\u00ean Kendav\u00ea:<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u00fb Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan:<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ji destp\u00eaka aloziy\u00ean Ereb\u00ee helwest\u00ean Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea ji hev cuda b\u00fbn. Nexasim bi ketina Husn\u00ee Mubarek ku Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan ji ketina hevkar\u00ea xwe nerehet b\u00fb. L\u00ea bel\u00ea Erdogan weke hevkar \u00fb al\u00eegir\u00ea v\u00ea tevger\u00ea derket p\u00ea\u015f. Ten\u00ea di rew\u015fa S\u00fbriy\u00ea de \u00fb demeke kin \u00fb kurt n\u00ear\u00een gihandin hev. Dibe ku ti\u015ft\u00ea herdu al\u00ee gihandin hev j\u00ee xistina rej\u00eema S\u00fbr\u00ee ye. L\u00ea bel\u00ea n\u00ear\u00eena herdu aliyan li ser \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea dan\u00fbstandina bi kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar re pir ji hev cuda b\u00fb. Sala 2013’an li ser nav\u00ea Wez\u00eer\u00ea Kar\u00ean Derve y\u00ea w\u00ea dem\u00ea Si\u00fbd Feysel, Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan ti roleke Tirkiy\u00ea di doza S\u00fbriy\u00ea de nepejirand \u00fb v\u00ea kir ku w\u00ea dem\u00ea navbera herdu aliyan aloziyeke Istixbarat\u00ee derbikeve. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku Qral\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan Abdullah Bin Abdullez\u00eez sala 2014’an ko\u00e7a daw\u00ee kir, Qral Selman Bin Adullez\u00eez y\u00ea \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ee girt, wisa kir ku r\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eabazeke cuday\u00ee r\u00ea\u00fbr\u00eabaz\u00ean qral\u00ea ber\u00ea dime\u015fand. Hewilda t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean bi Tirkiy\u00ea re jin\u00fbve sererast bike. Tirkiy\u00ea li benda v\u00ea k\u00ealiy\u00ea b\u00fb. Ji ber ketina desthilata Murs\u00ee, kr\u00eezb\u00fbna \u015fore\u015fa S\u00fbr\u00ee, d\u00fbrb\u00fbna helwest\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb Emer\u00eekay\u00ea<\/span>20<\/b>, Tirkiy\u00ea ketib\u00fb nava \u00eezolab\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee. Dema ku doza Misr\u00ee yek ji gir\u00eak\u00ean navbera herdu aliyan de b\u00fb, Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan negihand w\u00ea ast\u00ea ku siyaset\u00ean xwe y\u00ean beramber\u00ee Misr\u00ea jin\u00fbve di ber \u00e7avan re derbas bike. Lewra helwesta Tirkiy\u00ea nerm b\u00fb \u00fb h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee dihat guhertin. Bi \u015ferta ku jin\u00fbve dest bi t\u00eak\u00eeliya bi Misr\u00ea re bike, ji \u015ferta vegera Murs\u00ee ber bi \u015ferta berdana w\u00ee ve \u00fb pi\u015ftre \u015ferta rakirina hukm\u00ea darevekririn\u00ea ji ya xwe daket \u00fb ji bo jin\u00fbve berdewamkirina t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean ekonom\u00eek \u00fb heta t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean li ser asta Wezaretan, \u00ee\u015faret dan. Ji bo xurtkirina van t\u00eak\u00eeliyan Erdogan di salak\u00ea de s\u00ea caran serdana Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan kir. Serdana yekem\u00een, dema ku gera xwe ya Ef\u00eerk\u00ee dawiya mijdara 2015’an ji bo gihandina Riyad\u00ea \u00fb hevd\u00eetina bi Qral Selman pi\u015ft\u00ee hatina w\u00ee ya ser desthilatdariy\u00ea, rawestandib\u00fb<\/span>21<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean dual\u00ee y\u00ean Tirk-R\u00fbsya ji ber aloziya S\u00fbriy\u00ea zehmet b\u00fbn. Tirkiy\u00ea z\u00eadetir\u00ee n\u00eev\u00ea p\u00eadiviy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean gaza xwezay\u00ee ji R\u00fbsyay\u00ea p\u00eak dian\u00ee. Diviyab\u00fb li z\u00eadetir\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyeke enerjiy\u00ea bigeriya. Lewra ber\u00ea xwe da Qeter\u00ea, Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan, Azerbaycan \u00fb Kurdistana Iraq\u00ea. <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ea bel\u00ea siyaseta qral Selman li ser heman r\u00eay\u00ea berdewam nekir, berovaj\u00ee w\u00ea ji bo text\u00ea ji law\u00ea xwe Muhammad Bin Selman re hazir bike, guhertin\u00ean mezin p\u00eak an\u00een. Ji destp\u00eaka avakirina dewleta Si\u00fbd\u00ee ya s\u00eayem\u00een a li ser dest\u00ea Qral\u00ea ko\u00e7kir\u00ee Abdullez\u00eez El-Si\u00fbd, cara yekem\u00een e, ev gav t\u00ea av\u00eatin. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee bilez diherrif\u00een. Nexasim pi\u015ft\u00ee ku qral\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Muhammad Bin Selman \u00fb Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan rexne lihev kirin. Erdogan bersiva qral\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee da ku gotib\u00fb, ew dixwaze Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan veger\u00eena “\u00ceslama nav\u00een a nerm”<\/span>22<\/b> \u00fb diyar kir ku “\u00ceslama bi nav\u00ea nerm an hi\u015fk” tine ye, ten\u00ea “\u00ceslamek” heye. Her wiha bersiva li dij\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fankirina qral\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan a Tirkiyeya Osman\u00ee bi \u00ceran \u00fb rad\u00eekal\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee<\/span>23<\/b>, yek ji mil\u00ean “S\u00eago\u015feya Xirabiy\u00ea” ye j\u00ee. Ev hevrikiya her\u00eam\u00ee bi deh salan e navbera herdu welatan r\u00fbdide \u00fb koka w\u00ea vegihere dema dagirkeriya Osman\u00ee. L\u00ea bel\u00ea Muhammad Bin Selman ji ber h\u00eaviy\u00ean Erdogan \u00fb hewildana w\u00ee ya avakirina “X\u00eelafeta Osman\u00ee” ya ji bo serweriya li ser dewlemendiya her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb hegemoniya li ser c\u00eehana \u00ceslam\u00ee, xeteriy\u00ean pi\u015ftgiriya kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar \u00ean teror\u00eest li ser xaka Ereban weke li S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb L\u00eebyay\u00ea, hi\u015fyar\u00ee dab\u00fb<\/span><\/p>\n

Ragihandina Tirk bi awayek\u00ee tund \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee qral\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan kir \u00fb ev dijber\u00ee j\u00ee heta roja me ya \u00eero didome. Ev j\u00ee hewildan\u00ean b\u00ea-navber \u00ean Enqere \u00fb Dewhay\u00ea y\u00ean s\u00fbcdarkirina Muhammad Bin Selman di pirsgir\u00eaka ku\u015ftina rojnamevan\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Cemal Xa\u015fuqc\u00ee de, rave dike. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cero Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan, Tirkiy\u00ea di m\u00eehwera dijberan de dib\u00eene. Bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee r\u00eaya vekirina t\u00eak\u00eeliyan bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea \u00fb xurtkirina t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean bi \u00cemarat\u00ea re hilbijartib\u00fb. Careke din di nex\u015feya her\u00eam\u00ee de Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan cih\u00ea xwe dijber\u00ee siyaseta Tirkiy\u00ea girt. Gelek \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean ku mirov nikare niha bi awayek\u00ee teqez belge bike, diyar dikin ku Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan roleke akt\u00eev di hewildana darbeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya 15’\u00ea Tem\u00fbz\u00ea li Tirkiye, l\u00eestiye.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u00fb \u00cemarat:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Ereb\u00ee Tirk\u00ee ne di rew\u015feke ba\u015f de ne, \u00fb ji bo hevseng\u00ee jin\u00fbve saz bibe, div\u00ea Enqere serweriya Ereb\u00ee li ber \u00e7avan bigire, bi zanab\u00fbn \u00fb rasyonal\u00eest bi dewlet\u00ean c\u00eeran re bide \u00fb bist\u00eene.\u201d Ev daxuyaniya Wez\u00eer\u00ea Kar\u00fbbar\u00ean Derve y\u00ea Imarat\u00ea Enwer Qereqa\u015f e ya li ser tw\u00eetter\u00ea<\/span>24<\/b> ye ku encam\u00ean t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u00fb Ereban \u00fb bi taybet t\u00eak\u00eeliya bi \u00cemarat\u00ea re radixe ber \u00e7avan. Di gelek mijaran de herdu dewlet li du aliy\u00ean diber in. L\u00ea bel\u00ea pirsgir\u00eaka siyas\u00ee ya gir\u00eaday\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean niha, k\u00fbrb\u00fbna dijberiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedeoloj\u00eek r\u00ea li ber z\u00eade xirab\u00fbna t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkan \u00fb \u00cemarat\u00ee vekir. Dezgeh\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea y\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea her tim radigih\u00eene \u00fb destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku tiliy\u00ean \u00cemarat\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee rasterast \u00fb nerasterast di plan\u00ean li dij\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea de heye. Her wiha ne seyr b\u00fb ku Erdogan Sibata 2017’an di gera xwe ya li dewlet\u00ean kendav\u00ea de ku serdana Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan, Qeter \u00fb Behr\u00ean\u00ea kirib\u00fb, ne\u00e7\u00fbbe \u00cemarat\u00ea.<\/span>25<\/b><\/p>\n

Xala nelihevkirin\u00ea ya navbera hikumeta AKP’\u00ea \u00fb dewleta \u00cemarat\u00ea ew e, t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Erdogan \u00fb koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een e ku ev t\u00eak\u00eel\u00ee kevin e, destp\u00eaka sal\u00ean heftey\u00ee y\u00ean sedsala derbasb\u00fby\u00ee \u00fb bi taybet di dema Serokwez\u00eer\u00ea ber\u00ea Necmettin Erbakan, p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ea siyas\u00ee y\u00ea Erdogan, dest p\u00ea kirib\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de hikumeta \u00cemarata Ereb\u00ee ya yekb\u00fby\u00ee di \u015fer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbneke dem-dir\u00eaj a bi \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00eenan re de b\u00fb. Lewra pirsgir\u00eaka xistina serok\u00ea Misr\u00ea y\u00ea ber\u00ea Muhammad Murs\u00ee ku ar\u00ea\u015ft\u00ea ew bi darbeyeke le\u015fker\u00ee tem\u00fbza 2013’an ji hukum xist, b\u00fb sedemeke n\u00fb ya k\u00fbrb\u00fbna nakokiy\u00ean navbera Enqere \u00fb Eb\u00fb Dabiy\u00ea. Berpirsyar\u00ean Tirk j\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fan kirin ku \u00cemarat yek palpi\u015ft\u00ean darbey\u00ea b\u00fb. Beramber\u00ee w\u00ea, Meclisa Wez\u00eeran a \u00cemarat\u00ee Adara 2014’an l\u00eesteyeke r\u00eaxistin\u00ean teror\u00eest ku di nav de koma \u00eexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb bi taybet koma \u00cexwanan a \u00cemarat\u00ee (Komeleya \u00ceslah\u00ea) j\u00ee heye, er\u00ea kir<\/span>26<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hikumeta AKP’\u00ea \u015fansa darbeya binket\u00ee ya li Tirkiy\u00ea j\u00ee ji bo ku \u00cemarat\u00ea bi pi\u015ftgir\u00eeday\u00eena darbey\u00ea tewanbar bike, bi kar an\u00ee. Ev j\u00ee bi bihaneya ku hinek kanal\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea y\u00ean ji \u00cemarat\u00ea we\u015fana xwe dikin (weke kanala Sky News \u00fb El-Erebiye) pi\u015ftgiriya xwe ji bo darbey\u00ea ragihandin an j\u00ee empatiya xwe n\u00ee\u015fan dan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Aloziya Kendav\u00ea di nav de t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk \u2013 \u00cemarat\u00ea, bandora xwe li t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Kendav\u00ee kir. Hemwext\u00ee diyarb\u00fbna xislet\u00ean v\u00ea aloziy\u00ea \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7a d\u00eeplomat\u00eek \u00fb ekonom\u00eek a ku ji aliy\u00ea Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan, \u00cemarat, Behr\u00ean \u00fb Misr\u00ea li ser Qeter\u00ea dihat me\u015fandin, Erdogan pi\u015ftgiriya xwe ya domdar ji bo Qeter\u00ea ragihand. Cotmeha 2015’an yekem\u00een h\u00eaza le\u015fker\u00ee ji baregeha Reyan a n\u00eaz\u00ee Dewhay\u00ea hatib\u00fb \u015fandin<\/span>27<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ee\u00e7 nep\u00eakan e ku Erdogan dev heb\u00fbna xwe ya li Kendav\u00ea berde. Ev j\u00ee ji bo \u00cemarat \u00fb Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan cih\u00ea tirs\u00ea ye \u00fb n\u00ee\u015faneyeke n\u00fb li hewildan\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean berfirehkirina serweriya xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee li Rojhilata Naverast, z\u00eade dibe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cemarat\u00ea di aloziya S\u00fbriy\u00ea de r\u00eabaza \u00ceran \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea ya p\u00ea\u015fbaz\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eejkirina herdu aliy\u00ean \u015fer \u00ean S\u00fbriy\u00ea rexne kir ku niyeta herdu dewletan a firehb\u00fbn \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eengehkirin\u00ea li S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb dewlet\u00ean din dinim\u00eene. \u00cemarat\u00ea operasyona xistina balafira \u015fer a R\u00fbsyay\u00ea li S\u00fbriy\u00ea weke kiryareke teror\u00eest hesiband. Her wiha li dij\u00ee operasyona Art\u00ea\u015fa Tirk \u00fb kom\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean rad\u00eekal a li dij\u00ee Yek\u00eeney\u00ean Parastina Gel YPG’\u00ea li Efr\u00een\u00ea, derket. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Helwest\u00ean herdu dewletan \u00ean derbat\u00ea L\u00eebyay\u00ea j\u00ee ji hev cuda b\u00fbn. Li aliyek\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb Qeter pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea didin kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar, li aliy\u00ea din m\u00eehwera Misr-\u00cemarat j\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya h\u00eaz\u00ean kolonel Xel\u00eefe Hefter dike. Her wiha di pirsgir\u00eaka Filist\u00een\u00ea de j\u00ee herdu m\u00eehwer li du aliy\u00ean dijber in. <\/span><\/p>\n

Firehb\u00fbna ku Tirkan li her\u00eama derya sor \u00fb qo\u00e7a Efr\u00eekay\u00ea bi dest xistiye, ji hem\u00fb dewlet\u00ean din z\u00eadetir li ser hesab\u00ea \u00cemarat\u00ea p\u00eak hat. Ji ber ku ev firehb\u00fbn belk\u00ee t\u00eakeve berjewendiya r\u00eaxistina \u00cexwanan a li Misr \u00fb S\u00fbdan\u00ea \u00fb deriy\u00ean sereke y\u00ean barkirin\u00ea li c\u00eehan\u00ea asteng bike. Ji ber \u015fer\u00ea ekonom\u00eek \u00fb stratej\u00eek a navbera w\u00ea \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea ku pi\u015ft\u00ee veqet\u00eena Qeter\u00ea ji Kendav\u00ea k\u00fbrtir b\u00fb, \u00cemarat li v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea bi gelek t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbnan re r\u00fbbir\u00fb ma. \u00c7end \u015fop\u00ean xwe li qo\u00e7a Efr\u00eekay\u00ea winda kir. Ji ber sorkirina Tirkan, Djibouti imtiyaz\u00ean dab\u00fbn koma bendergeh\u00ean Dubay \u00ean C\u00eehan\u00ee ku li gor\u00ee w\u00ea diviyab\u00fb heta 50 sal\u00ee v\u00eaxistina stasyona “Doraleh” a barhilgiran rakira ser xwe, betal kir. Her wiha ji ber \u00eemzekirina peymanek\u00ea bi her\u00eama “Erda Somal\u00ea” ya serxweb\u00fbna w\u00ea di asta navdewlet\u00ee de nay\u00ea naskirin<\/span>28<\/b>, navbera w\u00ea \u00fb Somal\u00ea n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean aloziyeke siyas\u00ee derketin. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Qeter\u00ea:<\/b><\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku Moskoway\u00ea ji ber aloziya xistina balafira R\u00fbsyay\u00ea li ser xaka Tikriy\u00ea, cezay\u00ean bazirganiy\u00ea li Tirkiy\u00ea bir\u00een, ji bo day\u00eena gaz\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea xwe av\u00eat hemb\u00eaza Qeter\u00ea. Qeter\u00ea di sivikirina bandora van cezay\u00ean li ser Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb taybet di qada enerjiy\u00ea de roleke gir\u00eeng l\u00eest. Ev yek bi dijwarb\u00fbna \u015fer\u00ea jeostratej\u00eek a li her\u00eama Rojhilata Naverast, navbera Moskowa \u00fb Washington\u00ea ji aliyek\u00ee ve \u00fb Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebista \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, hat. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Li her\u00eameke ku siyaseta qutub\u00fbn\u00ea l\u00ea xurt e, Tirkiy\u00ea Qeter weke hevkarek\u00ee stratej\u00eek a tekane j\u00eare may\u00ee, d\u00eet. Peymana hevkariya le\u015fker\u00ee a sala 2015’an ji bo teqezkirina k\u00fbrb\u00fbna t\u00eak\u00eeliya navbera herduyan p\u00eak hat. Qeter li k\u00ealek Tirkiy\u00ea li dij\u00ee hewildana darbey\u00ea ya li Tirkiy\u00ea cih girt. Tirkiy\u00ea j\u00ee bi pi\u015ftgiriya bilez \u00fb a b\u00easnor ji bo hevakar\u00ea xwe Qeter ku ji ber aloziya kendav\u00ea di dorp\u00ea\u00e7\u00ea de b\u00fb, bersiv da. Ev j\u00ee bi vekirina pireyeke heway\u00ee \u00fb deryay\u00ee ji bo veguhestina kel\u00fbpel \u00fb malzemeyan a ji bo s\u00fbka Qeret\u00ea, p\u00eak hat. Her wiha dan\u00fbstandin\u00fbn bazirganiy\u00ea gihand ast\u00ean pir bilind<\/span>29<\/b>. N\u00eaz\u00ee 15 l\u00fbtke navbera serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb M\u00eer\u00ea Qeter\u00ea p\u00eak hatin \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00ee 30 peyman\u00ean di qad\u00ean cuda de hatine mohrkirin<\/span>30<\/b>, bi xwe re an\u00ee. Sirr\u00ea v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00e7i ye?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u015fta her\u00ee z\u00eade hi\u015ft n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna navbera herdu welatan gengaz \u00fb xurt bibe, xwed\u00eederketina Qeter\u00ea ya r\u00eaxistina \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb parastina w\u00ea \u00fb peydakirina cih\u00ea star\u00ea. V\u00ea kom\u00ea kar\u00eeb\u00fb bi r\u00eaya malper\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb bi r\u00eaya gelek bange\u015feran \u00ean weke Yusif Qaradaw\u00ee \u00fb y\u00ean din, xwe bigihanda be\u015feke fireh ji herdu c\u00eehan\u00ean Ereb\u00ee \u00fb \u00ceslam\u00ee. Ev \u00e7alak\u00ee bi diyarb\u00fbna meyl\u00ean AKP’\u00ea y\u00ean li Tirkiy\u00ea, derketin. Bi destp\u00eaka aloziy\u00ean “Buhara Ereban” xislet\u00ean v\u00ea hevgiriy\u00ea e\u015fkere b\u00fbn. Gelek xal\u00ean ku herdu dewlet di dan\u00fbstandin \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriya wan a ji h\u00eaz\u00ean teror\u00ea li c\u00eehana Ereb\u00ee dicivandin hatin e\u015fkerekirin \u00fb niha hem\u00fb de\u015f\u00eefre b\u00fbne. Her wiha berjewendiy\u00ean stratej\u00eek, ekonom\u00eek \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean ku herdu dewlet an\u00een gel hev, ku niha ji dewlet\u00ean aloziyan bi xwe j\u00ee di \u00eezolakirin\u00ea de ne, v\u00ea t\u00ear\u00ea dikir ku Tirkiy\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna z\u00eade di xizmeta siyaset\u00ean xwe y\u00ean berfiheriy\u00ea de bi kar b\u00eene. Tirkiy\u00ea kar\u00eeb\u00fb bi hezaran le\u015fker\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea li ser xaka Qeter\u00ea belav bike ku ev li gor\u00ee peymaneke le\u015fker\u00ee ya ve\u015fart\u00ee ku v\u00ea dawiy\u00ea derket, p\u00eak hat. Yek ji gir\u00eengtir\u00een bend\u00ean peyman\u00ea ew e, ku nabe d\u00fbv ti le\u015fker\u00ee Tirk\u00ee ya li Qeter\u00ea bikevin \u00fb eger kiryareke ku qan\u00fbnan bin \u00a0p\u00ea dike p\u00eak an\u00eebe j\u00ee nabe were darizandin. Hat zan\u00een ku li gor\u00ee peyman\u00ea nabe ji bo \u00e7areserkirina gir\u00eak \u00fb neliehvkirin\u00ean ku dibe navbera herdu dewletan de derbikeve, xwe bisp\u00earin aliyek\u00ee s\u00eayem\u00een dewletek an j\u00ee r\u00eaxistineke navdewlet\u00ee<\/span>31<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hin n\u00ee\u015fane hene ku t\u00eak\u00eeliyek \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea digih\u00eene hev heye. Ev j\u00ee koal\u00eesyoneke ve\u015fart\u00ee ya navbera wan e. Ten\u00ea wexta xeter\u00ee li ser aliyek\u00ee z\u00eade dibe, derdikeve p\u00ea\u015f. Yek ji wan, p\u00ea\u015fwaz\u00eekirina \u00ceran\u00ea ya \u00e7end l\u00eeder\u00ean \u00cexwanan \u00fb r\u00eaday\u00eena w\u00ea ya ya ji bo \u00cexwan\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea \u00a0lidarxistina xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean li dij\u00ee serok\u00ea Misr\u00ea Abdullfetah S\u00ees\u00ee, li yek ji navdartir\u00een qad\u00ean Tehran\u00ea. Her wiha t\u00eak\u00eeliya ba\u015f a navbera \u00ceran \u00fb Hemas\u00ea, \u00e7avgirtina \u00ceran\u00ea ji Qeter\u00ea re ku weke stargeha bi ewle ya \u00cexwanan e \u00fb di dem aloziya kendav\u00ea \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7a kendav\u00ea \u2013 Misr\u00ea, vekirina deriy\u00ean li p\u00ea\u015fiya Qeter\u00ea. Jixwe Qeter li hember\u00ee koal\u00eesyona Ereb\u00ee ya bi serk\u00ea\u015fiya Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan li Yemen\u00ea, li k\u00ealek r\u00eaza \u00ceran \u2013 H\u00fbs\u00ee b\u00fb. Bi kurt \u00fb kurmanc\u00ee di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de du m\u00eehwer\u00ean sereke \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn: M\u00eehwera S\u00fbid\u00ee Erebistan – \u00cemarat – Misr – \u00cesra\u00eel \u00fb m\u00eehwera Tirk – Qeter \u00fb \u00ceran.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00eancem\u00een-T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Iraq\u00ea<\/b><\/p>\n

Ji ber c\u00eerantiya cograf\u00eek \u00fb berjewendiy\u00ean hevbe\u015f \u00ean navbera herdu welatan ji aliyek\u00ee \u00fb ji aliyek\u00ee din ve \u00e7avnebariya Tirkiy\u00ea ya ku ji bermahiy\u00ean Selteneta Osman\u00ee wergirtiye, hi\u015ft ku t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk-Iraq\u00ea di n\u00eazb\u00fbn \u00fb d\u00fbrb\u00fbn\u00ea re derbas bibe. Nexasim herdu al\u00ee \u00fb bi taybet Tirkiy\u00ea ji x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor\u00ean navbera herdu welatan ji sala 1926\u2019an neraz\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb bi fikra ku maf\u00ea w\u00ea ya di Kerk\u00fbk \u00fb M\u00fbsil\u00ea ya li gor\u00ee M\u00eesaqa Mill\u00ee de dib\u00eene, gir\u00eaday\u00ee ma<\/span>32<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea ji welat\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea b\u00fb ku sala 1927\u2019an Iraq nas kir. Ji ber berjewendiy\u00ean wan \u00ean hevbe\u015f, heb\u00fbna herdu \u00e7em\u00ean Dicle \u00fb Firat\u00ea \u00fb r\u00fbbar\u00ean w\u00ea, her wiha xwed\u00eeb\u00fbna Iraq\u00ea ya depoyeke petrol\u00ea \u00fb heb\u00fbna Kurd\u00ee \u00fb Tirkmen\u00ee ya li Iraq\u00ea, t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean navbera herdu welatan bibandortir b\u00fb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea li dij\u00ee destwerdana Emer\u00eekay\u00ea ya li Iraq\u00ea ya sala 2003\u2019an rab\u00fb \u00fb nehi\u015ft ku art\u00ea\u015fa Emer\u00eekay\u00ea baregeha Incirlik\u00ea bi kar b\u00eene. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, pi\u015ft\u00ee xistina rej\u00eema Seddam Huseyn, ket r\u00eaz\u00ea helwesta dijber\u00ee hikumeta Iraq\u00ea ya n\u00fb. \u00db giran\u00ee da ser heb\u00fbna xwe ya li her\u00eama Kurdistana Iraq\u00ea \u00fb berdewmakirina armanca xwe ya \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea ya li gor\u00ee peyman\u00ean ber\u00ea y\u00ean navbera w\u00ea, hikumeta Iraq\u00ea \u00fb hikumeta her\u00eam\u00ea. Ji aliy\u00ea xwe ve gelek caran b\u00eay\u00ee agahdarkirina hikumeta Iraq\u00ea, ket nava xaka Iraq\u00ea \u00fb tev\u00ee dijberiya gel\u00ear\u00ee \u00fb hikumeta Iraq\u00ea j\u00ee 12 baregeh\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ewlekariy\u00ea li Kurdistana Iraq\u00ea ava kir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Li gel xuyab\u00fbna n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean lawaziya koma \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een weke h\u00eazeke mixalefet\u00ea \u00fb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fby\u00eena hewildan\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean di guhetina r\u00eaya b\u00fbyeran de, weke li Misr \u00fb Tunis\u00ea p\u00eak hatib\u00fb, Erdogan \u00ea ku w\u00ea \u00e7ax\u00ea serok\u00ea hikumet\u00ea b\u00fb \u00fb bi xewana berfirehkirina otor\u00eeteya \u00cexwanan a li her\u00eama Rojhilata Naverast geviz\u00ee b\u00fb, ji bo ber\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea li S\u00fbriy\u00ea ji \u015fore\u015feke a\u015ftiyane ya xistina rej\u00eem\u00ea ber ber bi \u015ferek\u00ee \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ve bibe, biryar da ku ber\u00ea xwe bide bask\u00ea xw\u00eenr\u00eaj \u00ea rad\u00eekal. Lewra Enqerey\u00ea s\u00eenor\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea-S\u00fbr\u00ee ji bo derbasb\u00fbna S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb ji wir ber bi Iraq\u00ea ve bi\u00e7in, li p\u00ea\u015fiya \u015fervan\u00ean biyan\u00ee vekir. Her wiha derbasb\u00fbna c\u00eehad\u00eestan ji her\u00eam\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00ean li bakur\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee vekirib\u00fbn, h\u00easan kir, pi\u015ftgiriya loj\u00eest\u00eek ji wan re p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir \u00fb azadiya liv\u00fbtevgera mal \u00fb pereyan da wan. \u00cad\u00ee guman n\u00eenin ku b\u00eay\u00ee wan al\u00eekariyan, r\u00eaxistina DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ea ewqas\u00ee bi h\u00eaz nedib\u00fb ku kar\u00eeb\u00fb bi w\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ea r\u00fbbereke mezin navbera S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb Iraq\u00ea bi dest bixista<\/span>33<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea li S\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb Iraq\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya r\u00eaxistin\u00ean rad\u00eekal kir \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee k\u00fbr bi wan re ket nava hevkariy\u00ea. Serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ea ber\u00ea<\/span> Abdullah G\u00fcl bi gotina \u201cC\u00eeran\u00ea w\u00ee y\u00ea DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ee li ser ewlekariya netew\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea ti xeteriy\u00ea \u00e7\u00eanake \u00fb ti gefeke \u00eedeoloj\u00eek li ser Tirkiy\u00ea p\u00eak nay\u00eene\u201d, ev yek pi\u015ftrast kir. G\u00fcl DAI\u015e bi \u201ctevgereke siyas\u00ee ya ne d\u00een\u00ee\u201d bi nav kir. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve j\u00ee konsolosxan\u00ea Tirk \u00ea li bajar\u00ea M\u00fbsil\u00ea hi\u015fyar\u00ee da p\u00ea\u015fketina r\u00eaxistina \u201cdewleta \u00ceslam\u00ee\u201d ya ber bi M\u00fbsil\u00ea ve, bersiva Enqerey\u00ea j\u00ee wiha hat: \u201cDAI\u015e ne dijmin\u00ea me ye.\u201d<\/span>34<\/b> Dema ku r\u00eaxistin\u00ea 2014\u2019an \u00ear\u00ee\u015f bi ser \u015eengal \u00fb M\u00fbsil\u00ea ve bir, DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ea gelek d\u00eeplomat\u00ean Tirk, karmend\u00ean konsolosxaneya Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb ajokar\u00ean kamyon\u00ean Tirk bi malbat\u00ean wan re ku hejmara wan n\u00eaz\u00ee 46 kes b\u00fbn, girtin. L\u00ea bel\u00ea r\u00eaxistin\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee ec\u00eab ew berdan ku cara yek\u00ea ye r\u00eaxistina rad\u00eekal wiha bi d\u00eelgirtiy\u00ean xwe re dide \u00fb dist\u00eene.<\/span>35<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00eaz\u00ean Tirk, bi nav\u00ea l\u00ea ger\u00eena endam\u00ean PKK\u2019\u00ea, dikeve nava Iraq\u00ea \u00fb bi v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee bihaneya \u015fer\u00ea \u201ckomeke teror\u00eest li bakur\u00ea Iraq\u00ea\u201d dike, rewa dike. Ev bihane civaka Iraq\u00ea ya ku li dij\u00ee destdir\u00eajiy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea y\u00ean li wel\u00eat e, bi h\u00ears dike. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Her wiha dewleta Iraq\u00ea bi hem\u00fb h\u00eaza xwe li dij\u00ee xwestek\u00ean Erdogan \u00fb hewildan\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean destwerdana le\u015fker\u00ee ya li \u015eengal\u00ea derket \u00fb her operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea li ser xaka Iraq\u00ea red kir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Komplogeriya Tirkiy\u00ea bi mudaxeleya le\u015fker\u00ee ya li Iraq\u00ea \u00fb hewildana bicihkirina h\u00eazeke le\u015fker\u00ee ya mezin li her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea, bi daw\u00ee neb\u00fb. L\u00ea bel\u00ea gihand w\u00ea radey\u00ea ku destwerdana jiyana siyas\u00ee ya Iraq\u00ea bike \u00fb bi armanca x\u00eazkirina senaroyek\u00ea ku pozisyona \u00cexwanan xurt bike da ku t\u00eakeve xizmeta projeya Tikiy\u00ea ya diz\u00eena x\u00ear\u00fbb\u00ear\u00ean dewleta Iraq\u00ea. Destwerdan planeke Tirkiy\u00ea \u2013 Qeter\u00ea b\u00fb ku bi r\u00eaya pi\u015ftgiriya kom\u00ean \u00cexwan \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean sunn\u00ee y\u00ean Iraq\u00ee y\u00ean li dewr\u00fbbera w\u00ea digerin, desteyeke Sunn\u00ee ava bikin. Rapor\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea y\u00ean Iraq\u00ea, teqez kirin ku armanca plana Tirkiy\u00ea, beramber\u00ee her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea, avakirina her\u00eameke sunn\u00ee ye<\/span>36<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Her wiha hikumeta AKP\u2019\u00ea dosya av\u00ea weke zextek\u00ea li ser Bexday\u00ee ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena armac\u00ean xwe y\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb ekonom\u00eek li Iraq\u00ea y\u00ean weke bikaran\u00eena siyseta \u201cPetrol beramber\u00ee av\u00ea\u201d, bi kar t\u00eene. Ev yek t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean d\u00eeplomat\u00eek \u00ean navbera herdu welatan, dixe ezm\u00fbneke rast\u00een.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00eancem\u00een – T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirk – S\u00fbr\u00ee:<\/b><\/p>\n

Sal\u00ean hinguv\u00een \u00ean navbera Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb S\u00fbriy\u00ea dir\u00eaj nekirin ku aloziy\u00ean \u201cBuhara Ereban\u201d teqiya \u00fb derbas\u00ee nava S\u00fbriy\u00ea b\u00fbn. Tirkiy\u00ea ket nava xeta b\u00fbyera S\u00fbr\u00ee, biryar da ku hem\u00fb xebatkar\u00ean xwe ji sefaretxaneya w\u00ea ya li \u015eam\u00ea veki\u015f\u00eene \u00fb helwesta xwe ya \u201cPi\u015ftigiriya Gel\u00ea S\u00fbriy\u00ea\u201d \u00fb al\u00eegiriya \u201c\u015eore\u015fgeran\u201d ragihand. Tirkiy\u00ea di aloziya S\u00fbriy\u00ea de bi roleke gelek\u00ee akt\u00eef rab\u00fb \u00fb li rex Qeter\u00ea yek ji h\u00eaz\u00ean her\u00ee z\u00eade asta \u015fer gurr kir heta gihand rew\u015fa niha. Tirkiy\u00ea pi\u015ftgir\u00ee \u00fb pi\u015ftevaniya piran\u00ee kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar kir \u00fb bib\u00fb deriy\u00ea serke ya ketin \u00fb derketina kom\u00ean rad\u00eekal a ji S\u00fbriy\u00ea. Di ser\u00ee kom\u00ean her\u00ee rad\u00eekal \u00ean weke DAI\u015e, El-Nusra, tevgera N\u00fbred\u00een Zenk\u00ee \u00fb y\u00ean din, t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean bi piran\u00ee kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar re hatin belgekirin. Ev mijar tevlihev \u00fb di nav hev de \u00fb p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi l\u00eakol\u00eeneke taybet heye. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee mudaxele kir \u00fb sala 2016\u2019an beramber\u00ee firotina her\u00eam\u00ean ku di bin serweriya h\u00eaz\u00ean opozisyon\u00ea de b\u00fbn (bajar\u00ea Heleb\u00ea), her\u00eam\u00ean navbera Cerablus \u00fb Ezaz\u00ea di operasyona Mertala Firat\u00ea de dagir kir. Pi\u015ftre sala 2018\u2019an beramber\u00ee ber\u00eek\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean opozisyon\u00ea y\u00ean hundir\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea w\u00ea (X\u00fbtaya Rojhilat \u00fb Dera\u2019), Efr\u00een dagir kir. Niha j\u00ee ji bo ketina Rojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea gelek\u00ee hewil dide. Hem\u00fb ti\u015ft\u00ean kirine ten\u00ea ji bo tinekirina heb\u00fbna Kurd e ku serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea weke \u201c\u00c7irava ku w\u00ea neh\u00ealin dubare bibe\u201d bi nav kir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dema ku rej\u00eema S\u00fbr\u00ee ji her\u00eam\u00ean X\u00fbtaya Rojhilat \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Dera\u2019y\u00ea y\u00ean Tirkan beramber\u00ee ketina Efr\u00een\u00ea firotib\u00fbn R\u00fbsyay\u00ea xilas b\u00fb, h\u00eazeke mezin ber bi Idlib\u00ea ve \u015fandin ku bi \u00e7ekdar\u00ean opozisy\u00ean \u00ean ku ji her\u00eam\u00ean serweriya wan a li hundir \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee hatib\u00fb qewirdandin \u00fb veguhestib\u00fbn Idlib\u00ea, tije bib\u00fb. Dema ku Erdogan serwext b\u00fb ku plan\u00ean w\u00ee t\u00eak di\u00e7in \u00fb \u00e7aren\u00fbsa hevkar\u00ean w\u00ee di xeteriy\u00ea de ye, gelek\u00ee hewilda bi Serok\u00ea R\u00fbsyay\u00ea Put\u00een re ji bo rawestandina operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean S\u00fbriy\u00ea li Idlib\u00ea, bixebite. 17\u2019\u00ea \u00celona 2018\u2019an j\u00ee Erdogan bi Put\u00een re li ser Idlib\u00ea gihand peymanek\u00ea ku navbera her\u00eam\u00ean opozisyon \u00fb rej\u00eem\u00ea her\u00eameke bi ewle ya b\u00ea-\u00e7ek b\u00ea avakirin. S\u00eenor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea bi k\u00fbrahiya 15-20 km li Idlib\u00ea \u00fb 20 km li gundewar\u00ea rojavay\u00ea Hemay\u00ea hatib\u00fb diyarkirin. Li gor\u00ee peyman\u00ea, hem\u00fb kom\u00ean rad\u00eekal ji v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea vediki\u015fin. Tirkiy\u00ea destp\u00eaka sala 2018\u2019an 20 nuqtey\u00ean \u00e7avd\u00eariy\u00ea ava kirib\u00fbn \u00fb soz dab\u00fb li gor\u00ee xal\u00ean peyman\u00ea, hem\u00fb kom\u00ean c\u00eehad\u00eest derx\u00eene, \u00e7ek\u00ean giran ji wan bist\u00eene \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee yek\u00eeney\u00ean ji pol\u00ees\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean R\u00fbsya \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea \u00e7avd\u00eariya her\u00eama b\u00ea-\u00e7ek bikin<\/span>37<\/b>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ev ji bo plan\u00ean Erdogan xilasiyek b\u00fb. Kar\u00eeb\u00fb b\u00ea zehmet\u00ee, serweriya xwe li ser her\u00eam\u00ean ku p\u00ea xeyal dikir, ferz bikira. Pi\u015ft\u00ee pi\u015ftigiriya bi cebilxane \u00fb \u00e7ek\u00ean giran, h\u00eaz\u00ean Tirk pir li her\u00eam\u00ea belav b\u00fbn. Weke ku R\u00fbsya \u00fb rayedar\u00ean \u015eam\u00ea difikirin, Tirkiy\u00ea bi h\u00easan\u00ee dernakeve. Bi del\u00eela ku xal\u00ean peyman\u00ea h\u00ead\u00ee p\u00eak t\u00eenin. Hem j\u00ee belavb\u00fbna dawiy\u00ea ya Heyet Tehr\u00eer \u015eam (Ber\u00ea Nusra b\u00fb) li ser hesab\u00ea kom\u00ean opozisyon\u00ea. Erdogan gelek\u00ee gir\u00eengiy\u00ea nade ve yek\u00ea. Jixwe hem\u00fb hevkar\u00ean w\u00ee ne. \u00cad\u00ee R\u00fbsyay\u00ea dest bi neraz\u00eeb\u00fbnan kiriye \u00fb daxuyaniyek\u00ea li pey daxuyaniyek\u00ea dide k Tirkiy\u00ea xal\u00ean peyman\u00ea p\u00eak neaniye. <\/span><\/p>\n

Di rew\u015feke jeopol\u00eet\u00eek a gelek\u00ee hesas, S\u00fbriyeya aram \u00fb demokrat\u00eek w\u00ea ji bo Tirkiy\u00ea j\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya aramiy\u00ea \u00fb ewlekariya w\u00ea ba j\u00ee. Ev yek pi\u015ft\u00ee he\u015ft salan ji b\u00fbyer\u00ean \u015fer \u00fb tevliheviy\u00ean w\u00ea derket hol\u00ea. L\u00ea bel\u00ea gir\u00eaka statuya Kurd, siysetmedar\u00ean Tirk mij\u00fbl dike \u00fb wan nava zaboq\u00ean ku \u00ead\u00ee veger j\u00ea ne gengaze ve dibe. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mudaxeleya le\u015fker\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea nava S\u00fbriy\u00ea, projeyeke Osman\u00ee ya berfirehkirina serweriy\u00ea ye. Du nik\u00ean v\u00ea projey\u00ea hene. Armanca w\u00ea ya sereke t\u00eakbirina projeya demokrat\u00eek a li bakur\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee ye. Niha e\u015fkere ye ku fikra mudaxeleya Tirkiy\u00ea ber\u00ee mezinb\u00fbna projeya Xweseriy\u00ean demokrat\u00eek e. Dadgeriya Tirkiy\u00ea v\u00ea dawiy\u00ea diyar kir ku tomara deng a berpirsyar\u00ean Tirk \u00ean 31\u2019\u00ea Adara 2013\u2019an civiyab\u00fbn, ji bo derxistina buhaneyek lihev\u00e7\u00eakir\u00ee ku r\u00eadide mudaxeleya le\u015fker\u00ee ya di S\u00fbriy\u00ea de. Bihane j\u00ee, \u201cParastina Gora Suleyman \u015eah\u201d b\u00fb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea di mijara her\u00eama bi ewle de bi bin ket. Lewra ber\u00ea xwe da, jin\u00fbveakt\u00eefkirina peymana Edeney\u00ea ya ku zeman gelek\u00ee di ser re derbas b\u00fb ku ber\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea r\u00ea dide ketina S\u00fbriy\u00ea ya nava xaka Tirkiy\u00ea, ji ber Tirkiy\u00ea beriya he\u015ft salan, ewlekariya netew\u00ee ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea binp\u00ea kir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tewsiye \u00fb encam:<\/b><\/p>\n

Nelihevkirin\u00ean navbera Ereb \u00fb Tirkan xwediy\u00ea kok\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee ne. Ev nakok\u00ee, wexta ku Tirkan X\u00eelafeta \u00ceslam\u00ee bi dest xist \u00fb ji dest Ereban girt, dest p\u00ea kirin \u00fb bi bihaneya \u201cFetihkirin\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee-Osamn\u00ee\u201d b\u00fbn h\u00eazeke firehkar. Dema Ereban rabird\u00fbya xwe bi b\u00eer xistin, li heq\u00eeqeta heb\u00fbna xwe serwext b\u00fbn, d\u00eetin ku Tirkan gelek komkuj\u00ee an\u00eene ser\u00ea wan, el\u00eetey\u00ean wan \u00ean siyas\u00ee darve kirine, malbat \u00fb xwediy\u00ean wan aware kirin. Ten\u00ea bi v\u00ea nekirin, gelek raman\u00ean xirab derbar\u00ea Ereban \u00e7andin. Gelek\u00ean ji wan, bi mebest ew e\u015fkere bi\u00e7\u00fbk dixistin. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00eena Tirkiy\u00ea bi z\u00eahniyeta desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb wesayetkariy\u00ea, t\u00eak\u00eeliyan xwe bi c\u00eehana Ereb\u00ee re dat\u00eene. Li ser jin\u00fbve-zind\u00eekirina t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean ku li her\u00eam\u00ea r\u00ea li ber gurrkirina \u015fer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbnan vedike, kar dike. Ev yek di siyaseta w\u00ea ya derbar\u00ea aloziya daw\u00ee ya hat ser\u00ea hikumet\u00ean Ereb, derket hol\u00ea \u00fb S\u00fbriy\u00ea ne \u00ea dawiy\u00ea ye. Nexasim rola ku AKP\u2019\u00ea di b\u00eest sal\u00ean dawiy\u00ea de l\u00eestiye \u00fb siyaseta yekkirina herdu t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean (Kemal\u00eezm-Toran\u00eet\u00ee) \u00fb Osman\u00eetiy\u00ea, \u00fb herdu t\u00eag\u00eenan ji bo plan\u00ean xwe y\u00ean firehkariy\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea bi kar t\u00eene. Koal\u00eesyon\u00ean AKP\u2019\u00ea \u00fb MHP\u2019\u00ea an\u00een gel hev, ten\u00ea ji bo bicihan\u00eena afirandina s\u00eestemek\u00ea ku \u015foven\u00eezma Tirk \u00fb \u00ceslampar\u00eaziya rad\u00eekal p\u00eak t\u00ea ku ev yek li gor\u00ee p\u00eavajoya siyas\u00ee ya niha ye. Weke destwerdana w\u00ea ya rasterast a li S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb Iraq\u00ea di bin nav\u00ea parastina ewlekariya netew\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea de ku ti s\u00eenor\u00ean j\u00eare nehatiye diyarkirin \u00fb tevl\u00eekirina w\u00ea bi t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean ji dema Osam\u00ee \u00fb beriya w\u00ea mane (Ketina Moxolan a Iraq\u00ea). Weke m\u00eenak, \u00e7ima dagirkirina w\u00ea ji Cerblus\u00ea re rast\u00ee b\u00eeran\u00eena \u015fer\u00ea Merc\u00eedabiq\u00ea hat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Encam\u00ean \u015fer \u00ean li S\u00fbriy\u00ea, Yemen \u00fb L\u00eebyay\u00ea, k\u00fbrahiya t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean navbera Tirkiy\u00ea; \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb kom\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean rad\u00eekal \u00ean din, p\u00ea\u015fketina t\u00eak\u00eeliya navbera Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea \u00ceran \u00fb Isra\u00eel\u00ea y\u00ea b\u00ea, w\u00ea away\u00ea t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb Ereban diyar bike. Nexasim di dir\u00eajahiya dema komar\u00ea de Tirkiy\u00ea siyaseta hevsengiya navbera h\u00eaz\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navdewlet\u00ee me\u015fand\u00ee ye \u00fb ten\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya xizmetkirina k\u00ea\u015fe \u00fb berjwendiy\u00ean xwe de, ti helwesteke w\u00ea ya zelal, e\u015fkere \u00fb rast\u00een di ti pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean li v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea de, heta di pi\u015ftgiriya opozisyona S\u00fbr\u00ee de derneketiye. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mirov beramber\u00ee \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean navbera hevkar\u00ean Astanay\u00ea ku di her l\u00fbtkeyek\u00ea de dest\u00ea xwe dikin dest\u00ea hev weke ku serkeft\u00ee ne, matmay\u00ee dim\u00eene. \u00db di heman dem\u00ea de tevl\u00ee \u015fer in an j\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya aliyek\u00ee w\u00ea dikin. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enqereya ku t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean w\u00ea bi Washington\u00ea re xirab\u00fbne, ba\u015f t\u00eadigih\u00eeje ku Emer\u00eeka pi\u015ftgiriya Eb\u00fb Dab\u00ee \u00fb Riyad ku du hevkar\u00ean c\u00eaw\u00ee ne dike. L\u00ea bel\u00ea nay\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin ku DYE t\u00eakildar\u00ee hevrkiya Ereb-Tirk a hey\u00ee, ti gavan bav\u00eaje an j\u00ee helwesteke zelal n\u00ee\u015fan bide. Nexasim t\u00eak\u00eeliya navber hikumet\u00ean Ereb \u00fb Enqerey\u00ea negih\u00ee\u015ftiye asta qutb\u00fbn\u00ea. <\/span><\/p>\n

Her wiha Enqere ba\u015f t\u00eadigih\u00eeje ku R\u00fbsya hevkarek\u00ee bawer\u00ee p\u00ea nabe. Sedema ku wan t\u00eene gel hev e\u015fkere ye. Ger Washington di mijara veki\u015f\u00eena ji bakur-rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee de cidd\u00ee ye, ev t\u00eakil\u00ee li ber daw\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. \u00db ba\u015f dizane ku hevkar\u00ea w\u00ea R\u00fbsya, w\u00ea ti \u015ferek\u00ee b\u00ea ya Tirkiy\u00ea de pi\u015ftgiriya w\u00ea neke. Jixwe ne xwediy\u00ea w\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ea ye ku bikaribe \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee ti kes\u00ee bike, ten\u00ea dikare \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee Kurdan bike ger hevkar\u00ean wan \u00ean koal\u00eesyona navdewlet\u00ee dev ji wan berdin. <\/span><\/p>\n

Rola ku hikumeta AKP\u2019\u00ea dil\u00eeze ji valahiy\u00ea nehatiye. L\u00ea bel\u00ea ew, h\u00eav\u00ee \u00fb xewan\u00ean ku Osmaniy\u00ea n\u00fb Erdogan bi p\u00eakan\u00eena w\u00ea bawer e. B\u00eaguman ev yek li ser gi\u015ft\u00ee ewlekariya netew\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee xeteriyeke cidd\u00ee. Lewra em bawer in ku div\u00ea hevkariyeke cidd\u00ee navbera R\u00eaveberiya li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee ku kar\u00eeb\u00fb ev rol di qonax\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een de bid\u00eeta, \u00fb hikumet\u00ean Ereb \u00ean zirar ji v\u00ea rol\u00ea d\u00eetin, b\u00ea akt\u00eefkirin. Da ku li hember\u00ee v\u00ea siyaseta ku dixwaze her\u00eam\u00ean cograf\u00eek \u00ean n\u00fb (Kurd\u00ee \u00fb Ereb\u00ee) bi dest bixe \u00fb bi p\u00ea\u015fengtiya ruh\u00ee \u00fb akt\u00eef ji bo komek\u00ea ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna xwe ya r\u00eavebirina netewek\u00ea e\u015fkere b\u00fbye, rabe. Ji ber ku bi awayek\u00ee parelel bi fikr\u00ean r\u00eaxistin\u00ean rad\u00eekal re me\u015fiyaye \u00fb ten\u00ea di hin detay\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk de j\u00ea cuda dibe. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Anora Erdogan kir ku ji bo tolhildana ji DYE \u00fb hevkar\u00ean w\u00ea, ji Ewr\u00fbpaya ku tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna Tirkiy\u00ea ya Yek\u00eetiya w\u00ea qeb\u00fbl nekir, tolhildaneke dual\u00ee ji dewlet\u00ean her\u00eama Ereb\u00ee ku gel\u00ean w\u00ea modela ku AKP\u2019\u00ea dixwest li ser wan p\u00eak b\u00eene nepejirandin \u00fb li dij\u00ee r\u00eaxistin\u00ean \u00cexwan \u00ean pi\u015ftgiriya xwe ji partiya desthilatdar a Tirkiy\u00ea digirin derketin, pi\u015ftgiriya kom\u00ean teror\u00eest bike. Her wiha xwesteka d\u00eerok\u00ee ya Erdogan \u00fb hevalbend\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean \u201cOsmaniy\u00ean N\u00fb\u201d ku dixwestin v\u00ea car\u00ea li ser pi\u015fta hesp\u00ean \u00cexwanan Rojhilata Nav\u00een ji n\u00fb ve fetih bikin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea plan\u00ean wan t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb veguher\u00een al\u00eekar\u00eedar\u00ean mal\u00ee ya teror\u00ea. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00eena Tirkiy\u00ea xeteriyeke mezin e li ser dewlet\u00ean Ereb. Ji ber ku hem\u00fb derfet\u00ean xwe y\u00ean siyas\u00ee, le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ekonom\u00eek ji bo lawazkirina wan \u00a0\u00fb derxistina wan ji nava dewlet\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb Rojhilata Naverast xwed\u00ee gir\u00eeng\u00ee \u00fb wan weke dewlet\u00ean p\u00fb\u00e7 bih\u00eale.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u00c7avkan\u00ee:<\/b><\/p>\n

[1] – Muhammad \u00celham\u00ee, T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Misr-Tirk: Kok \u00fb Ber, Enstituya Misr\u00ee ya l\u00eakol\u00eenan, 10 Kan\u00fbna 2017\u2019an.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 10 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/eipss-eg.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[2] <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A\/a-3989687<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[3] – Recep Tayyip Erdogan banga guhdarkirina daxwaz\u00ean gel\u00ea xwe li Mubarek dike, di 01\/02\/2011\u2019an de hat we\u015fandin. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] – \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a: 01\/02\/2011.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\/20110201-erdogan-turkey-asks-mubarak-to-listen-people<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[4] – Muhammad \u00celham\u00ee, T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Misr-Tirk: Kok \u00fb Ber, Enstituya Misr\u00ee ya l\u00eakol\u00eenan, 10 Kan\u00fbna 2017\u2019an.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 10 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/eipss-eg.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[5] – Muhammad \u00celham\u00ee, T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Misr-Tirk: Kok \u00fb Ber, Enstituya Misr\u00ee ya l\u00eakol\u00eenan, 10 Kan\u00fbna 2017\u2019an.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 10 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/gate.ahram.org.eg\/News\/256318.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[6] – Darbeya Misr\u00ea 2013\u2019an, El-Mer\u00eefa<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a 2013\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.marefa.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A_2013<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[7] – Misr \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een weke komeke terror\u00eest ku qan\u00fbn w\u00ea dadiriz\u00eene, ragihand, Ajans, 25\u2019\u00ea Kan\u00fbna 2013\u2019an.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] – \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c 25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/arab-and-world\/egypt\/2013\/12\/25\/\u0645\u0635\u0631-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646-\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646-\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629-\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[8] – El-Cemi\u2019\u00ee El-Qasim\u00ee, ketina Tirkiy\u00ea nava Tunis\u00ea metirsiy\u00ean z\u00eade dike, Rojnameya El-Ereb, 21\/07\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 12\/07\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[9] – Ehmed Cuma, Tirkiy\u00ea di pi\u015ftgir\u00eeday\u00eena kom\u00ean terrorist de li L\u00eebyay\u00ea berdewam e.., El-Yom El-Sabi\u2019, 02\/12\/2018. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] – \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627..\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 02\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2018\/12\/23\/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC\/4078147<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[10] – Muhammad Ewb El-Fedil, B\u00eadengiya navnetew\u00ee \u00fb navdewlet\u00ee rola Tirkiy\u00ea li L\u00eebyay\u00ea xurt dike, Rojnameya El-Ereb, 23\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u00a023\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[11] – Navenda Rewab\u00eatt a L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean \u00fb Niv\u00ees\u00ean Stratej\u00eek, B\u00eadengiya navnetew\u00ee \u00fb navdewlet\u00ee rola Tirkiy\u00ea li L\u00eebyay\u00ea xurt dike, 20\/12\/2018. <\/span><\/p>\n

[11] – \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 23\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rawabetcenter.com\/archives\/80166<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[12] – C\u00eehad Dirxam \u00fb Sofiye El-Hemam\u00ee, Wikileaks t\u00eak\u00eeliya Abdullhek\u00eem Belhaj bi hikumeta Erdogan re e\u015fkere kir, Erem News, 20\/07\/2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] – \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c 20 \/07\/2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.eremnews.com\/news\/arab-world\/529473<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[13] – Navenda Rewab\u00eatt a L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean \u00fb Niv\u00ees\u00ean Stratej\u00eek, B\u00eadengiya navnetew\u00ee \u00fb navdewlet\u00ee rola Tirkiy\u00ea li L\u00eebyay\u00ea xurt dike, 23\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] – \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 23\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rawabetcenter.com\/archives\/80166<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[14] – Ehmed Cuma, Tirkiy\u00ea di pi\u015ftgir\u00eeday\u00eena kom\u00ean teror\u00eest de li L\u00eebyay\u00ea berdewam e.., El-Yom El-Sabi\u2019, 02\/12\/2018. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] – \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627..\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 02\/12\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2018\/12\/20\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\/4074929<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[15] – <\/span>https:\/\/al-ain.com\/article\/turkey-intelligence-somalia-shabab-funding<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[16] – \u015eukr\u00ee, Neb\u00eel, Boko Haram, C\u00eehad\u00eezma Selef\u00ee li Efr\u00eekay\u00ea, of\u00eesa Ereb\u00ee ya zan\u00eenan, r 119 <\/span><\/p>\n

[16] – \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0635119.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] – El-Mecal\u00ee, Sed\u00fbn Newres, \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een \u00fb s\u00eestema siyas\u00ee ya li Urdun\u00ea – L\u00eakol\u00eenek li ser t\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ea \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean w\u00ea, Dar El-Xel\u00eec a we\u015fan \u00fb belavkirin\u00ea, Eman, q1, 2019, r125.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635125.<\/span><\/p>\n

[18] – \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00een li Urdun\u00ea.. Yek ji st\u00fbn\u00ean Qral\u00eeteya Ha\u015f\u00eem\u00ee ya ji dijmin\u00ean rej\u00eem\u00ea re?, El-\u015eir\u00fbq, 25\/10\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[18] – \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 25\/10\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.shorouknews.com\/columns\/view.aspx?cdate=25102017&id=56ed4157-869b-4557-b6dd-8564cdaef524<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[19] – Mehm\u00fbd Mey\u00eey\u00ee, Erdogan Ereban provoka dike \u00fb poz\u00ea xwe dixe Qudis\u00ea.., El-Yom El-Sabi\u2019, 02\/07\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[19] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633..\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 02\/ 07\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2018\/7\/2\/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%AF\/3854379<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[20] – Muhammad \u00celham\u00ee, T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Misr-Tirk: Kok \u00fb Ber, Enstituya Misr\u00ee ya l\u00eakol\u00eenan, 10 Kan\u00fbna 2017\u2019an.<\/span><\/p>\n

[20] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 10 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/eipss-eg.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[21] – Pi\u015ft\u00ee hatina Qral Selma, pa\u015feroja T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea, Non Postm 04\/02\/2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

[21] – \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c 04\/02\/2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.sasapost.com\/the-future-of-the-saudi-turkish-relations-after-the-ascension-of-king-salman\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[22] – Pi\u015ft\u00ee b\u00eadengiyeke dem-dir\u00eaj\u2026Erdogan Muhammad Bin Selman rexne dike, Sputnik Ereb\u00ee, 11\/11\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[22] – \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644…\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 11\/11\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/sptnkne.ws\/fVtu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[23]- Rum\u00ee hewildana b\u00ea\u00e7are ya Si\u00fbd\u00ee Erebistan ji bo rewakirina w\u00ea.. \u201cReuters” dev-av\u00eatina \u201cBin Selman\u201d a Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb \u201cErdogan\u201d a di daxuyaniya \u201cS\u00eago\u015feya Xirabiy\u00ea\u201d de teqez dike, Welatek\u00ee li dervey\u00ee refa xwe may\u00ee, 07\/03\/2018. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[23] – \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.. \u201c\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632\u201d \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u201d\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u201d \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u201c\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c 07\/03\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.watanserb.com\/2018\/03\/07\/%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[24] – Berpirsyarek\u00ee \u00cemarat\u00ee y\u00ea mezin: T\u00eak\u00eeliy\u00ean Ereb Tirk ne di rew\u015fa xwe ya her\u00ee ba\u015f de ye, El-Nehar, 10\/03\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[24] – \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 10\/03\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.annahar.com\/article\/771651-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[25] – Ela Abdullrehman, \u00e7ima Erdogan di gera xwe ya li Kendav\u00ea de ne\u00e7\u00fb \u00cemarat\u00ea?, Ereb\u00ee 21, 13 Sibat\u00ea, 2017. <\/span><\/p>\n

[25] – \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 21\u060c 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/984812\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[26] – Merwa Nez\u00eer, l\u00eesteya teror\u00ea: Xwendinek di watey\u00ean biryara Meclisa Wez\u00eeran a \u00cemarat\u00ee de, El-Musteqbel, 18\/11\/2014. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[26] – \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c 18\/11\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/futureuae.com\/ar-\/Mainpage\/Item\/781\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[27] – Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb bijartey\u00ean giran di aloziya Kendav\u00ea de, BBC Ereb\u00ee, 12\/06\/2017. <\/span><\/p>\n

[27] – \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c BBC \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 12\/06\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-40253565<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[28] – Ajans, sedema t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean \u00cemarat\u00ea li Efr\u00eekay\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea bi Tirkiy\u00ea re ye, El-Ereb El-Qeteriy\u00ea, 20\/04\/2018. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[28] – \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 21\/04\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.alarab.qa\/story\/1308895\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[29] – Pireke heway\u00ee ya xurek a navbera \u00cezm\u00eer \u00fb Dewhay\u00ea, Tirk Press, 12\/06\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[29] – \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c 12\/06\/2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.turkpress.co\/node\/35579<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[30] – Ajansa Anadol a N\u00fb\u00e7eyan, derbar\u00ea civ\u00eena \u00e7arem\u00een a kom\u00eeteya jor a stratej\u00eek a Tirk-Qeter\u00ea, Daily Sabah, 26\/11\/2018. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[30] – \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c Daily Sabah\u060c 26\/11\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/arabic\/politics\/2018\/11\/26\/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[31] – Mehm\u00fbd Re\u015fd\u00ee, Peymana le\u015fker\u00ee ya navbera Qeter \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea.. Dagirkeriya bi belgeyeke sirr\u00ee, n\u00ear\u00een, 12\/01\/2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

[31] – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c 12\/01\/2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/roayahnews.com\/articles\/2019\/1\/12\/7602\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[32] – M\u00eesaqa Mill\u00ee an j\u00ee M\u00eesaqa Netew\u00ee an j\u00ee M\u00eesaqa Ummet\u00ea: Xet\u00ean qalind \u00ean v\u00ea m\u00eesaq\u00ea li herdu kongrey\u00ean Erzurum \u00fb Siwas\u00ea 1919 ava b\u00fbn, \u00fb di destp\u00eaka meha \u00c7ileya 1920\u2019an de, di hevd\u00eetina navbera Mustefa Kemal \u00fb hinek n\u00fbner\u00ean meclisa n\u00fbner\u00ean la\u00eek (berovaj\u00ee d\u00een\u00ee) a de hat sazkirin. \u00a0\u00db 12\u2019\u00ea Sibata 1920\u2019an, di meclisa herdu n\u00fbner\u00ean Osman\u00ee de hat er\u00eakirin. Tev\u00ee nediyariya derbar\u00ea M\u00eesaq\u00ea \u00fb 6 xal\u00ean w\u00ea, l\u00ea h\u00eena j\u00ee li cih\u00ea xwe ye. Her s\u00ea xal\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea li ser du rew\u015fan e \u00fb ew j\u00ee: Her\u00eam\u00ean ku piran\u00ee ni\u015ftecih\u00ean Tirk in w\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u201cWelat\u00ea Netew\u00ee\u201d ya neteweya Tirk de be. Erd\u00ean ku piran\u00ee ni\u015ftecih\u00ean ne Tirk in, w\u00ea \u00e7aren\u00fbsa w\u00ea bi r\u00eaya referandumek\u00ea an j\u00ee dengday\u00eena gel were diyarkirin. Xal\u00ean din j\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee ewlehiya Istenbol \u00fb Marmaray\u00ea, maf\u00ean k\u00eam-netewan, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fketin \u00fb serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea. Bin\u00ear: \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[32] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633 1919\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a (\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1920\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 12 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1920\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a” \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.marefa.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7)#cite_ref-2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eesaq\u00ea Netew\u00ee, El-Mer\u00eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xuyaye ku s\u00eenor\u00ean li gor\u00ee v\u00ea m\u00eesaq\u00ea, heman s\u00eenor\u00ean ku di axaftina Mustefa Kemal a ji saziy\u00ean M\u00eesaqa Netewey\u00ee (Mill\u00ee) de derbas dibe, ev ti\u015ft t\u00eade hat gotin; \u201cS\u00eenor\u00ean Neteweya me, ji ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kendava \u00ceskenderon\u00ea, ji Antakya, ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea pireya Cerablus\u00ea \u00fb stasyona tr\u00ean\u00ea, ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Heleb\u00ea di\u00e7e ber bi ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea \u00e7ema Firat\u00ea heta D\u00earazor\u00ea digire nava xwe, pi\u015ftre ber\u00ea xe dide rojhilat \u00fb M\u00fbsil, Kerk\u00fbk \u00fb Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea digire nava xwe. Bin\u00ear: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647: “\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.almayadeen.net\/articles\/blog\/709232\/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86–<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00eenk w\u00ea te bibe v\u00ea serenav\u00ea: Xesan Y\u00fbsif, Gelo w\u00ea Erdogan Tirkiy\u00ea veger\u00eene beriya peymana Lozan\u00ea?, El-Meyad\u00een, 08\/11\/2016. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u061f!\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 08\/11\/2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

[33] – \u00c7ima AKP\u2019\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ea dike, Rojnameya El-Ereb, 27\/11\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

[33] – \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 27\/11\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[34]- \u00c7ima AKP\u2019\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ea dike, Rojnameya El-Ereb, 27\/11\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

[34] – \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 27\/11\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[35] – R\u00eem Abdullhem\u00eed \u00fb Enc\u00ee Mecd\u00ee, Rojnamey\u00ean Emer\u00eekay\u00ea: Tirkiy\u00ea soz da DAI\u015e\u2019\u00ea di \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa li dij\u00ee Kurd\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00ee de al\u00eekariya w\u00ea bike.., El-Yom El-Sebi\u2019, 22\/09\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

[35] – \u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627..\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 22\/09\/2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2014\/9\/22\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7\/1875709<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Ehmed Cuma, Binp\u00eakirin\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea \u00a0ji serweriya Iraq\u00ea re, p\u00ea\u015fandaneke berdewam e.., Rojnameya El-Ereb, 12\/06\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[36] – \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631..\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 12\/06\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2018\/7\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%83-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF\/3869633<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[37]- Tirkiy\u00ea \u201cKarwanan\u201d derbas\u00ee nuqtey\u00ean \u00e7avd\u00eariy\u00ea y\u00ean rojhilat\u00ea Idlib\u00ea dike, Unib Beled\u00ee, 26\/11\/2018. <\/span><\/p>\n

[37] – \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u201c\u0643\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 26\/11\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/265714<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ENGLISH ,\u00a0 ARABIC Werger: N\u00fbrhat Heftaro Ji bo bibe “\u015e\u00ear\u00ea Sunniyan” p\u00ead\u00eeviya Serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea ku di heman dem\u00ea de serok\u00ea AKP’\u00ea y\u00ea xwediy\u00ea meyleke d\u00een\u00ee ye, bi pi\u015ftgiriyeke Ereb\u00ee ya ferm\u00ee \u00fb geler\u00ee heb\u00fb. L\u00ea xuya b\u00fb ku ten\u00ea kar\u00eeb\u00fb bigihanda asta “\u015e\u00ear\u00ea \u00cexwan Musl\u00eem\u00eenan”. Ji ber ku Xewn\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean Osman\u00ee rast\u00ee gelek astengiyan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":1155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin"],"yoast_head":"\nDI ALOZIY\u00caN "BUHARA EREBAN" DE T\u00caK\u00ceLIY\u00caN TIRK \u00db EREBAN - Navenda Firat a L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firatn.com\/kur\/?p=1173\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DI ALOZIY\u00caN "BUHARA EREBAN" DE T\u00caK\u00ceLIY\u00caN TIRK \u00db EREBAN - Navenda Firat a L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ENGLISH ,\u00a0 ARABIC Werger: N\u00fbrhat Heftaro Ji bo bibe “\u015e\u00ear\u00ea Sunniyan” p\u00ead\u00eeviya Serok\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea ku di heman dem\u00ea de serok\u00ea AKP’\u00ea y\u00ea xwediy\u00ea meyleke d\u00een\u00ee ye, bi pi\u015ftgiriyeke Ereb\u00ee ya ferm\u00ee \u00fb geler\u00ee heb\u00fb. 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