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text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0644\u060c <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0629 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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The village is under the protection of the YPG, the national army of Syrian Kurdistan. (Photo by Martyn Aim\/Corbis via Getty Images) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062c \u0622\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 2014<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1306\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1306\" style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1306 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-696x466.jpg 696w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-1068x715.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/firatn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Bookchin-photo-by-Ludwig-Rauch-627x420.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1306\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0628\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 1991 (\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062e)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f 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\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2018\/06\/15\/how-my-fathers-ideas-helped-the-kurds-create-a-new-democracy\/\">NYR Daily<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">| <b>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0647\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 &#8211;\u00a0 <\/span>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">2 &#8211; \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">3 &#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">4 &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2004\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064e \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0643\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0634\u062e\u0635 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f - \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a 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